Measurement and Experimental Design Using Numbers to find some Answers!

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Presentation transcript:

Measurement and Experimental Design Using Numbers to find some Answers!

The process 1.OBSERVATION 2. HYPOTHESIS FORMATION 3. EXPERIMENTATION (WITH CONTROLS!) 4. EVALUATION OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA 4. THEORY/MODEL CONSTRUCTION 5. PREDICTION 6. NEW OBSERVATIONS…THE PROCESS CONTINUES!

Quantifying…Measuring… How do we get numbers for comparison? What are our measurement standards?

The SI System “Systeme Internationale d”Unites” Distance … meter (m) Weight (a force) … newtons (N) Mass … grams (g), kilograms (kg) Area … square meters (m 2 ) Density … gram/cubic cm (g/cm 3 ), kilogram/cubic meter (kg/m 3 ) Time … seconds (s) Temperature … degrees Kelvin K=C°+273 Electric current…ampere (A) Substance amount…mole (mol) Light intensity…candela (cd)

Measurement – Some Practice!! T- G- M- k- h- da- U d- c- m- µ- n- p- Tera- Giga- Mega- kilo- hecto- deka- unit deci- centi- milli- micro- nano- pico /10 1/100 1/ Try these!! cm = _______ hm6. 2.0g = _________pg 2. 55kL = __________ nL7. 125ds = __________Ms n = __________ Tn8..006cm = __________Gm daL = _________ µL9. 320kg = __________mg ns = __________ ks x 10 2 Mg = __________cg

Scientific Notation Quantity is expressed as the product of a number (usually between 1 and 10) and a power of 10 Example: 533 = 5.33 x 10 2 Addition and Subtractiion: Add or subtract only after exponents are the same. Example: = 8.67 x x 10 2 = x 10 2 Multiplication: Multiply first numbers, ADD exponents Example: (55,000)(.02) = (5.5 x 10 4 )(2 x ) = (11 x 10 2 ) = 1100 Division: Divide first numbers, SUBTRACT exponents Example: 840 /.0021 = (8.40 x 10 2 ) / (2.1 x ) = 4.0 x 10 5 = 400,000

Designing an Experiment 1)Independent variable 2)Dependent variable(s) 3)Control group(s)

Presenting Experimental Data in Graphic Form Functions of a Graph? 1. Display data in visual form 2. Prediction of untested data!!!

Graphing “Steps” 1.Title graph 2.Select, Label x- and y-axes 3.Scale axes (number lines) 4.Plot data points 5.Draw best-fit line

Graph Type Uses Line – A Dependent variable changes as the Independent variable changes…a link between them is tested. Bar – Counted numbers, sizes, amounts of different quantities are compared…no link is tested. Pie – The parts of a whole are compared.