Chapter Ten Cognitive Abilities

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 2 Question Which of the following tasks is likely to be part of the performance scales on the Wechsler IQ tests? a)Trying to remember a series of numbers b)Trying to solve several arithmetic problems c)Trying to define a list of vocabulary words d)Trying to arrange pictures to form a story

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 3 Answer Choice d is correct. The first three examples are Wechsler- type verbal scale tasks. The final one is a performance scale task in which the examinee is asked to manipulate various objects, such as puzzle pieces, picture cards, and the like. (Chapter 10, Intelligence Tests Today section)

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 4 Question The distribution of IQ scores in the population produces a graph with the shape of a ____________. a)snake b)rectangle c)bell d)chicken

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 5 Answer Choice c is correct. IQ scores produce a bell-shaped (or normal) curve, with most scores falling in the middle of the distribution and few scores falling at either the high end or the low end. (Chapter 10, Intelligence Tests Today section)

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 6 Question If an IQ test is found to be reliable, it yields ___________ results. a)meaningful b)consistent c)statistically significant d)generalizable

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 7 Answer Choice b is correct. Reliable tests, such as good IQ tests, yield consistent or repeatable results. On two testing occasions, an individual’s scores on a reliable IQ test would be very similar. (Chapter 10, Measuring the Quality of Tests section)

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 8 Question Comparing the IQ scores of identical twins reared apart sheds light on the effect of which of the following factors on intelligence? a)Genes b)Environment c)A shared identity d)A shared first language

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 9 Answer Choice a is correct. Identical twins share 100% of their genes. If they are reared apart, they are assumed to share 0% of their environment. So a comparison of IQ scores of identical twins reared apart is a useful proxy for the degree to which intelligence is genetically driven. Research utilizing this design estimates the association between identical twins’ IQ scores at a correlation of at least (Chapter 10, IQ Scores as a Measure of Innate Ability section)

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 10 Question Correlations between the IQ scores of identical twins reared together are higher than the correlations between IQ scores of identical twins reared apart. This finding suggests that __________ influences IQ scores. a)genes b)environment c)gender d)bacon intake

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 11 Answer Choice b is correct. The smaller correlation between the IQ scores of identical twins reared apart is evidence of environmental factors’ effect on intelligence. Presumably, the greater similarity in the IQ scores of identical twins reared together (vs. apart) is due to shared environmental factors. (Chapter 10, IQ Scores as a Measure of Innate Ability section)

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 12 Question A majority of individuals characterized as mentally retarded are classified as having which of the following levels of intellectual disability? a)Mild b)Moderate c)Severe d)Profound

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 13 Answer Choice a is correct. A majority (approximately 85%) of individuals diagnosed with intellectual disability fall into the mild category (IQ score of 50-70). Such individuals typically show no physical symptoms of abnormality and those in the higher end of the IQ score range can marry, maintain a family, and work in some basic-skills jobs. (Chapter 10, Unusual Cognitive Ability section)