Recognize the key features of organisms within Chordata for the following classes: LimbsGas ExchangeReproductionOther Mammalia (Mammals) -4 Pentadactyl limbs -Lungs with alveoli -Internal fertilization -Live young -Body Hair -Teeth Aves (Birds) -4 Pentadactyl limbs -2 modified as wings -Lungs with parabronchial tubes -Internal fertilization -lays eggs -Feathers -No teeth Reptilia (Reptiles) -4 Pentadactyl limbs -Lungs with many folds -Internal fertilization -soft shelled eggs -Dry scales -simple teeth Amphibia (Amphibians) -4 Pentadactyl limbs -Simple Lungs with small internal folds -External fertilization in water -Protective jelly around eggs -Soft, permeable skin Osteicthyes (Bony Fish) -Fins-Gills-External fertilization -Scales grow from skin -gill slits -swim bladder

1.Cell walls: Present: …………..Kingdom Plantae go to Q2 Not present: ……Kingdom Animalia go to Q5 2.Vasculature Present: …………………………………………………Q3 Not present (too small): ………………………….Phylum Bryophyta 3.Reproduction: Spores in sporangia under leaves: ………….Phylum Filicinophyta Seeds …………………………………………………….. Q4 4.Seeds in: Female cones: ………………………………………. Phylum Coniferophyta Fruits: ……………………………………………………. Phylum Angiospermophyta 5.Symmetry: None: …………Phylum Porifera Radial: …………Phylum Cnidaria Bilateral: ……..Q6 6. Segmentation Visible: ………………… Q7 Not visible: …………… Q8 7. Exoskeleton: Present: ………. Phylum Arthropoda Not present:.. Phylum Annelida 8. Digestive tract: Mouth, no anus: ………. Phylum Platyhelminthes Mouth & anus:.. ………. Phylum Mollusca Be able to construct a Dichotomous Key for use in identifying specimens. Notice the following characteristics: -Each section has a dichotomous question that it asks. -Depending on the answer, the questions directs a person to a different section of the key. -The characteristics that are originally used to distinguish between organisms are more general, and the ones that are used later are more specific.

Dichotomous Key Practice – Plants Construct a dichotomous key to classify organisms from each of the classes of animals: Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, Osteicthyes. Steps for construction: 1.Generate a list of characteristics that separate the organisms in the group. 2.Starting with the most simple characteristics, create a question to break off organisms one at a time. Each question should have two possible answers: e.g. “Is it Symmetrical? Yes/No” 3.Begin focusing on more specific characteristics. 4.The final question should have two organisms. One for each answer to the question. Example sample step: Basic Characteristic Yes/No Answer to question Tells you where to go for each answer Be able to construct a Dichotomous Key for use in identifying specimens.

Design a dichotomous key that the other group can apply to correctly identify the species on their cards. proboscis antennae head cephalothorax thorax legs abdomen wing casings fangs Order: AraneaeOrder: Coleoptera

Images from wikipedia.

Dichotomous Key: Beetles 1.Visible proboscis Yes …………………………………. Q2 No: …………………………………. Q3 2.Brown body Dark brown ……… Sitophilius granarius Light brown……… Anthonomus grandis 3.Striped wing case Yes: ……………………………….. Q4 No: …………………………………. Q5 4.Stripes are: Black / light-brown - Leptinotarsa decemlineata Black / white / brown – Leptinotarsa juncta 5.Wing casing is Red & spotted … Coccinella septempunctata Dark ……………….. Q6 6.Legs are: Dark, yellow antenna: Tragodendron fascilatum Yellow: …………………….. Q7 7.Yellow legs are adapted for: Walking: …………… Sphaerius acaroides Swimming: ………… Gyrinus natator

Dichotomous Key: Spiders 1.Yellow stripes on abdomen Yes …………Argiope keyserlingi No: …………………………………. Q2 2.Brown body Yes: …………………………………. Q3 No: …………………………………. Q6 3.Abdomen much larger than cephalothorax Yes: ………… Loxosceles reclusa No: …………………………………. Q4 4.White stripe on abdomen Yes: ………… Hogna colinensis No: …………………………………. Q5 5.Dark dots on abdomen Yes: …………Heteropoda maxima No: ………… Tegenaria agrestis 6.Red mark on abdomen Yes: ………… Latrodectus tredecimguttatus No: …………… Q7 7.Red fangs Yes: …………… male Missulena bradleyi No: ……………female Missulena bradleyi

Dichotomous Key: Beetles 1.Visible proboscis Yes …………………………………. Q2 No: …………………………………. Q3 2.Brown body Dark brown ……… Sitophilius granarius Light brown……… Anthonomus grandis 3.Striped wing case Yes: ……………………………….. Q4 No: …………………………………. Q5 4.Stripes are: Black / light-brown - Leptinotarsa decemlineata Black / white / brown – Leptinotarsa juncta 5.Wing casing is Red & spotted … Coccinella septempunctata Dark ……………….. Q6 6.Legs are: Dark, yellow antenna: Tragodendron fascilatum Yellow: …………………….. Q7 7.Yellow legs are adapted for: Walking: …………… Sphaerius acaroides Swimming: ………… Gyrinus natator Dichotomous Key: Spiders 1.Yellow stripes on abdomen Yes …………Argiope keyserlingi No: …………………………………. Q2 2.Brown body Yes: …………………………………. Q3 No: …………………………………. Q6 3.Abdomen much larger than cephalothorax Yes: ………… Loxosceles reclusa No: …………………………………. Q4 4.White stripe on abdomen Yes: ………… Hogna colinensis No: …………………………………. Q5 5.Dark dots on abdomen Yes: …………Heteropoda maxima No: ………… Tegenaria agrestis 6.Red mark on abdomen Yes: ………… Latrodectus tredecimguttatus No: …………… Q7 7.Red fangs Yes: …………… male Missulena bradleyi No: ……………female Missulena bradleyi

Cladograms A diagrammatic way for scientists to understand the relationships between species. This allows scientists to group organisms into “clades.” A clade is a group of organisms that share a common ancestor. Can you identify a clade on the cladogram above? Tips for identifying a clade: 1.The clade must end at a single ancestor. 2.The clade must highlight organisms that share a single characteristic.

Identifying a Clade Which of the diagrams to the left is an example of a clade? How do you know? Click the dragons to the right to practice building a cladogram for these mythical dragons. _The_Design_of_Technological_Tools_for_Thinking_and_Learning/Past_ Projects/Entries/2008/3/11_Here_is_a_project_title_files/TreeInteractiv e-02.swf

“Class”-ify your Classmates Using one of the methods we have described for how scientists classify organisms, you must classify your fellow classmates. Three methods you may use: Visual Dichotomous Key Simplified Dichotomous Key Cladogram You may not use any offensive or derogatory characteristics, but be creative with how you classify them! Make sure the key is easily readable and professional looking.