A Stark decelerator for ammonia molecules Ruth Buning Master research project February 23, 2007.

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Presentation transcript:

A Stark decelerator for ammonia molecules Ruth Buning Master research project February 23, 2007

Outline Why decelerate? Why decelerate? Why ammonia? Why ammonia? Neutral polar molecules in E fields Neutral polar molecules in E fields The machine The machine Slow ammonia Slow ammonia

Why decelerate? Transit-time broadening Transit-time broadening

Even higher resolution.. Fountain, clock Fountain, clock

Ammonia, NH 3 Proton-electron mass ratio 

Fountain

Goals in this work Build a Stark decelerator Build a Stark decelerator Characterize it Characterize it Decelerate NH 3 to a few m/s Decelerate NH 3 to a few m/s How can we produce and detect as much slow NH 3 as possible? How can we produce and detect as much slow NH 3 as possible?

Dipole in E field Stark shift:

Stark shift in ammonia Low-field seekers High-field seekers

Dipole in E field (2)

Deceleration

Setup

Molecular beam Supersonic expansion Supersonic expansion Few % NH 3 in Xe Few % NH 3 in Xe Valve cooling Valve cooling

The decelerator

Time to switch

Detection 2+1 REMPI 2+1 REMPI Density in detection region Density in detection region

Measurements Wavelength scan Wavelength scan TOF (time of flight) scan TOF (time of flight) scan

Spectrum

TOF profile

Optimization Beam quality Beam quality Ammonia percentage Ammonia percentage Temperature Temperature Backing pressure Backing pressure Valve opening Valve opening Detection efficiency Detection efficiency Laser power Laser power Laser focus Laser focus

Optimization Beam quality Beam quality Ammonia percentage5 % Ammonia percentage5 % Temperature Temperature Backing pressure Backing pressure Valve opening Valve opening Detection efficiency Detection efficiency Laser power Laser power Laser focus Laser focus

Optimization Beam quality Beam quality Ammonia percentage5 % Ammonia percentage5 % Temperature-50 o C Temperature-50 o C Backing pressure Backing pressure Valve opening Valve opening Detection efficiency Detection efficiency Laser power Laser power Laser focus Laser focus

Optimization Beam quality Beam quality Ammonia percentage5 % Ammonia percentage5 % Temperature-50 o C Temperature-50 o C Backing pressure Backing pressure Valve opening Valve opening Detection efficiency Detection efficiency Laser power Laser power Laser focus Laser focus

Backing pressure

Clusters

Optimization Beam quality Beam quality Ammonia percentage5 % Ammonia percentage5 % Temperature-50 o C Temperature-50 o C Backing pressure0.5 bar Backing pressure0.5 bar Valve opening Valve opening Detection efficiency Detection efficiency Laser power Laser power Laser focus Laser focus

Valve opening

Optimization Beam quality Beam quality Ammonia percentage5 % Ammonia percentage5 % Temperature-50 o C Temperature-50 o C Backing pressure0.5 bar Backing pressure0.5 bar Valve opening Valve opening Detection efficiency Detection efficiency Laser power Laser power Laser focus Laser focus

Laser power

Slow ammonia (1)

Slow ammonia (2)

Slow ammonia (3)

Slow ammonia (4)

Conclusions Stark decelerator operational Stark decelerator operational Down to 25 m/s Down to 25 m/s Adaptations Adaptations Differential pumping Differential pumping Focusing Focusing -> Molecular fountain -> Molecular fountain