Chapter Three: Solids, Liquids and Gases Section 1: States of Matter How can you describe the motion of particles in a solid, a liquid and a gas?

Solids The particles in a solid are closely locked in position and can only vibrate, as they do not have enough energy to slide past one another.

There are 2 types of solids: Crystalline Solids Amorphous Solids

Crystalline Solids: Particles form a regular repeating pattern. These patterns create crystals. Examples: Salt, Sugar, Snow, Quartz Melts at a specific temperature

Amorphous Solids: Particles are not arranged in a regular pattern. Examples: Plastic, Rubber, Glass, Butter Does not melt at a distinct temperature, may become softer or change into other substances.

Liquids In general, particles in a liquid are packed almost as closely as a solid, but the particles move freely. Compared to particles in a solid, the particles in a liquid are more loosely connected and can collide with and move past one another. This is why a liquid flows and has no definite shape.

Properties of Liquids: Surface Tension: Result of an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together Causes water to bead up and insects to walk on water Viscosity: A liquid’s resistance to flowing Depends on size and shape of particles and attraction between them High viscosity = slow flow, like honey Low viscosity = quick flow, like water

Gases In gases, the atoms and molecules are free to move independently, colliding frequently.

FLUIDS: Fluid means a “substance that flows.” Both liquids and gases are considered fluids.

LET’S REVIEW! Crystalline Solid Amorphous Solid In Which type of Solid do particles form a regular repeating pattern? Crystalline Solid What type of solid is butter? Amorphous Solid

LET’S REVIEW! Solid, Liquid, Gas Liquid What are the 3 States of Matter? Solid, Liquid, Gas Which state of matter has a definite volume, but no shape of its own? Liquid

LET’S REVIEW! Solids Low What state of matter is not considered a fluid? Solids Does juice have a high or low viscosity? Low