EMERGENCY HEALTH CARE LECTURE 6 HEMORRHAGE. Definition  Hemorrhage means extravasations of blood  Extravasation is the leakage of blood from a vessel.

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Presentation transcript:

EMERGENCY HEALTH CARE LECTURE 6 HEMORRHAGE

Definition  Hemorrhage means extravasations of blood  Extravasation is the leakage of blood from a vessel into tissues surrounding it; can occur in injuries or burns

CLASSIFICATION OF HEMORRHAGES  External Hemorrhage  Internal Hemorrhage

EXTERNAL HEMORRHAGE Types of external bleeding  Arterial bleeding: loss of blood from arteries  Blood loss is rapid and profuse  The color of blood is bright red  Blood spurts as the heart beats  Venous Bleeding: loss of blood from veins  Blood loss is a steady flow  The color of blood is dark

 Capillary Bleeding: loss of blood from capillary bed  Blood flow is slow  The color of blood is red but less bright

Methods used to control external bleeding 1. Direct pressure: is the most effective method: Application of direct and firm pressure to the wound 2. Elevation of the affected limb 3. Pressure point on the artery 4. Splinting: used in sever laceration or cut extends over the length of the extremity.

6. Blood pressure cuff: the cuff is placed above the wound, and can be left for up to 30 min. 7. Mast Garments: pneumatic counter-pressure devices for serious abdominal bleeding 8. Applying Tourniquet: is a last resort used only when other methods to control bleeding have failed.

INTERNAL HEMORRHAGE Causes of internal hemorrhage 1. Deep chest or abdominal wound 2. Any cut into muscle or fracturing of bone 3. Bleeding ulcers

Detecting internal bleeding 1. Assume internal bleeding whenever the following are present  Wound that have penetrated the skull  Blood in the ear  Vomiting or coughing up blood

3. Wound that have penetrated the chest or abdomen  Large areas of bruised abdomen  Abdominal tenderness, rigidity, or spasm  Blood in urine  Rectal bleeding  Bone fractures mainly the long bone of the arm or thigh.

Epistaxis Epistaxis (Nose Bleeding) Means hemorrhage from the nose, due to mainly spontaneous rupture of minute vessels

CAUSES OF EPISTAXIS A. LOCAL CAUSES 1. Trauma such as nose-picking, blow on the nose, foreign body 2. Infection: acute / chronic rhinitis 3. Violent sneezing 4. Eroding neoplasm in the nasal cavity, naso- pharynx, or sinuses.

B. General and systemic causes 1. Hypertension 2. Blood diseases 3. Acute infectious fever 4. High altitudes

FIRST AID TREATMENT  Apply pressure by pinching the nostrils  Keep the patient in a setting position  Apply ice over the nose  Keep the patient quite  Hospital emergency care  Simple packing of the nose  Use of adrenaline nasal pack  Use of diathermy

 In hypertension cases: sedation and reduce blood pressure  Check for blood coagulative disorders.  التعريف, الاسباب,  الاسعافات الاولية  20 درجة البحث