Chapter 10-1 The Oceans. World Ocean – body of salt water covering much of the Earth’s surface Ocean – major body of salt water Sea – smaller body of.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 10-1 The Oceans

World Ocean – body of salt water covering much of the Earth’s surface Ocean – major body of salt water Sea – smaller body of salt water Gulf – body of salt water almost surrounded by a land mass and connected to an ocean Bay – smaller body of salt water surrounded by a land mass and connected to an ocean * 75% of the Earth’s surface is covered by water

Pacific Ocean *more than half the volume of the world’s ocean water *noted as the deepest and largest; averages 4.3 km deep Atlantic Ocean *second largest ocean; averages 3.3 km deep Indian Ocean *third largest ocean; averages 3.8 km deep

Oceanography – study of the Earth’s oceans *Geography considers polar seas as oceans; for this book, oceanographers see them as extensions of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans

Chapter 10-2 Exploring the Oceans

Deep sea drilling Ocean floor composition Thousands of ocean floor samples from around the Earth Up to 4 miles deep into the seafloor bed

SONAR – echo sounding system that bounces sound waves off the ocean floor * SOund Navigation And Ranging

Satellite imaging

submersible – underwater research vessel

ages/trieste1.jpeg e/earthscience/pow/images/bathys phere.gif nel/titanic/images/dis_14.jpg Bathyscaph or Bathyscaphe Bathysphere Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV) Modern deep sea submersible

Tube worms have estimated lifespan of years Ecosystem depends on Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2 S) energy from the earth. 23/galapagosquest/vents.jpg ms.gif

Chapter 10-3 Properties of the Oceans

Salinity – amount of dissolved salt in ocean water

Main ions (g/kg) at a salinity of 35 0 / 00 Sodium (Na+) Magnesium (Гg++) Calcium (Лэ++) Potassium ( +) Strontium (Sr++) Chlorine (Cl+) Sulphates (SO 4 --) Hydrocarbons (ХЛ‘ 3 -) Bromine (¬r- ) Fluorine (F-) Boric acid (Х 3 ¬‘ 3 ) d/seemore2.html

Thermocline – layer of ocean water in which the temperature drops sharply with depth

Desalination – process which removes salt from ocean water

Chapter 10-7 Ocean sediments

Nodule – lump found on the ocean floor Ooze – ocean sediment that contains the remains of many ocean organisms

Ocean sediment is made up of these things from nature eroded material from land mass – runoff remains of organisms dust and ash from volcanoes dust from space anything falling into the sea that sinks will settle on the bottom

Nodules are made up of these valuable elements: manganese (20%) iron (10%) copper (0.3%) nickel (0.3%) cobalt (0.3%) Microsoft® Encarta® Reference Library © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.