December 10, 2007 U3a-L2 DRILL Write in complete sentences. For #3-5, use the words below. Define engineering. What are the seven resources used to create technology? 3.A _____ is a working model used to test a design concept. 4.Models are used to ______ design ideas and processes. 5.Modeling and testing are used to _____ ideas into practical solutions. *Transform *Prototype *Communicate and Test 543

LAST NIGHT’S HOMEWORK U3a-L2 Pick a technological artifact that interests you. What needs did this technology fulfill? What resources were used to design and create this technology? What preceding technologies were necessary for the development of this technology? What innovative or inventive ideas were used in the creation of this technology? Pass in last night’s assignment.

REVIEW of YESTERDAY U3a-L2 What are the 7 inputs used to create technology: People Information Time Capital Machines and tools Materials Energy

REVIEW of YESTERDAY U3a-L2 Engineers are problem-solvers. Engineering is the systematic application of mathematical, scientific, and technical principles, to yield tangible end products that meet our needs and desires. Engineering has evolved as civilization has progressed Each generation builds on the accomplishments of its predecessors.

REVIEW of YESTERDAY U3a-L2 Personal Characteristics of Engineers: a. Creativity b. Resourcefulness c. Ability to visualize and think abstractly

8 CONSTRAINTS on the ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS U3a-L2 Safety – is it safe to use? Reliability – will it work consistently over time? Cost – is it affordable to make and to buy? Quality Control – can you ensure consistent high quality? Environmental Concerns – will it negatively impact the human/natural environment? Manufacturability – can it be made? Maintenance – how frequently does it need to be (and can it be) fixed? Ergonomics (Human Factors) – can the human body efficiently use it?

4 DESIGN PRINCIPLES used to EVALUATE DESIGN U3a-L2 Design is the result of a formal, sequential process. Design is driven by profit motive and market ($ or not). Design is the result of goal-oriented research. Designs must be continually checked, refined, and improved. Note: Design problems seldom arise in a clearly defined form. Design requirements sometimes compete with each other.

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Speculate about the steps that were followed to create such an amazing innovation. What are your thoughts about the impact of such a technological development. U3b-L2 The “scramjet,” an engine so blindingly fast that it could carry an airplane from San Francisco to Washington, DC, in about 20 minutes—or even quicker.

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There are a variety of formal and informal problem-solving strategies. The engineering-design process: –Systematic problem-solving strategy –Criteria and constraints –Used to develop many possible solutions to a problem U3b-L2 Criteria – a standard on which a judgment or decision may be based. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Clearly Defined Steps: 1. Defining a problem 2. Brainstorming 3. Researching and generating ideas 4. Identifying criteria and specifying constraints 5. Exploring possibilities 6. Selecting an approach 7. Developing a design proposal 8. Making a model or prototype 9. Testing and evaluating the design, using specifications 10. Refining the design 11. Creating or making it 12. Communicating processes and results U3b-L2 ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS

U3b-L2 ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS a.Design problems are seldom presented in a clearly defined form. b. Design needs to be continually checked and critiqued, refined and improved. c. Risk analysis is used to minimize the likelihood of UNDESIRED OUTPUTS of a new technology. d. Reduce the chance of system failure – Performance Testing a.small-scale models b.computer simulations c.analogous systems d.least reliable parts

U3b-L2 ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS