Einstein’s Theory of Relativity Alexander

Relativity Early Thought

Main Points of Relativity

Space-Time Continuum Einstein reasoned that space and time were one in the same. You can’t move through space without moving through time vice versa.

Motion is relative Consider the flash running side by side with a bullet. How fast do you think the flash sees the bullet moving. How fast do you think an outside observer sees the flash moving.

Speed of Light (c) is a constant c= 3.0 e8 m/s c= 186,000 mi/s c= 670,616,629 mi/hr

Your Relative Speed 0 m/s relative to your chair 400 m/s relative to earth center (rotation) 30,000 m/s relative to the sun (orbit) 220,000 m/s relative to the galaxy center (orbit) 370,000 m/s relative to the CMB cosmic wallpaper

Speed of Light is Constant

Time is Relative

Skeptical Still You Are?

Cassini Space Probe

Time Dialation is Applicable to Biological Systems

Time Dilation Problems

Twin Paradox

Practice Problem Angelica and Laura are twins that are 17 years of age. Angelica takes a place flight at.99c the speed of light. If she is taking a 10 year roundtrip, how much younger will she be than Laura when she returns?

Quotes Science without religion is lame. Religion without science is blind." "Great spirits have often encountered violent opposition from weak minds." "Education is what remains after one has forgotten everything he learned in school." "Equations are more important to me, because politics is for the present, but an equation is something for eternity." "

Special Effects of Relativity

Wormhole Shortcuts Through space And time

Space-Time

Most Popular Wormhole

Length Contraction For relativistic speeds, length contraction is related to time dilation A meter stick traveling at.87c would appear.5m in length. A meter stick traveling.995c would appear 1/10 its length

Mass Increases Mass increases exponentially as speed increases. An on object travelling the speed of light would have infinite mass

Unification of Energy and mass

Proof of Loads of Energy in small packages

Einstein’s thoughts All objects, even objects at rest have an “energy of being” called rest energy Einstein believed that Energy is required to make mass, and that energy is created when mass disappears.

Our Sun 4 million tons of rest mass is converted to energy in the sun At this rate it will take 1million years for ten millionth of sun’s rest mass to be converted Can you calculate the total amount of energy in the sun?

Big things in small packages

Nuclear Explosion Dissected.5 seconds after explosion, the central core of the blast reaches the temperature at the core of the sun (15,000,000 K). Anything at this level is instantly vaporized

Pressure Wave A pressure wave is produced from the tremendous amounts of energy released Creates a superheated wall of air that travels several times the speed of sound Imagine wind hitting at 10psi. (That’s 10 lbs. of force over every square inch of your body)

Sample pressure wave

Thermal Radiation Individuals lucky enough to survive the pressure wave are exposed to 1000W of thermal radiation over every square cm of your body. This is the equivalent of burning every square cm of your body with an acetylene torch at once. (Acetylene gas burns at 3,480 o C)

Ionizing Radiation Those far enough from the blast to avoid the high heat and pressure waves must deal with ionizing radiation. Causes damage to DNA, immune system, and ultimately organ failure.5rem/year is considered tolerable for workers Persons in a nuclear explosion would be exposed 1000rem in an instant. (80% of contracting some form of cancer) The environment also becomes radioactive

Radiation Sickness

Iran Issue

If this wasn’t bad enough… It also emits a wide range EMP

Mushroom Cloud Anatomy

Where are these technologies located?

Let’s think about this E=mc^2 The speed of light squared (c^2) is 90 quadrillion (9 E6 Joules/kilogram) Even a speck of dust would have 90 billion joules

Energy Equation at work How much energy does a 10kg bowling ball possess according to Einstein?

E=m c 2 c=3 X 10 8 m/s m=10kg E= 10kg *( 3 x 10 8 m/s) 2 E=