Electronic Configuration of Ions Nonmetallic elements form anions (-) Hydrogen atoms gain one electron to form H- with a stable 1s2 electron configuration.

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Presentation transcript:

Electronic Configuration of Ions Nonmetallic elements form anions (-) Hydrogen atoms gain one electron to form H- with a stable 1s2 electron configuration. The other nonmetallic elements gain one, two, or three electrons to achieve a stable ns2np6 configuration. The group 17 nonmetals form -1 ions, the group 16 nonmetals form -2 ions, and the group 15 nonmetals form -3 ions. Metallic elements form cations. (You will only be able to predict some of the charges on these cations.) Many elements lose one, two, or three electrons and achieve one or two of the stable electron configurations: 1s2, ns2np6, nd10, or nd10(n+1)s2.

Ions tend to form to gain the 1s2, ns2, np6, nd10, or nd10(n+1)s2 electron configuration for their highest energy electrons. Li 1s2 2s1 Li+ 1s2 Mg 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 Mg2+ 1s2 2s2 2p6 Cl 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 Cl- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 Sn [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2 Sn2+ [Kr] 4d10 5s2 Tl [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 Tl+ [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 Tl [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 Tl3+ [Xe] 4f14 5d10 Zn [Ar] 3d10 4s2 Zn2+ [Ar] 3d10 When cations form, electrons are lost from the largest orbitals first.

Possible Ions