IDEAL gas law. Avogadro (1776-1856) Any sample of any gas at the same temperature and pressure will contain the same number of particles.

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Presentation transcript:

IDEAL gas law

Avogadro ( ) Any sample of any gas at the same temperature and pressure will contain the same number of particles.

* Experiment conducted at constant temperature and pressure

Defined 22.4 L as the molar volume for any gas. Particles are now counted in moles (n). The number of moles is directly proportional to pressure, temperature, and volume.

mol · K Experiments with n, V, P, and T give Ideal gas law: R = experimentally determined ideal gas constant. Value of R depends on the units used for pressure. L · kPa L · atm mol · K L · mmHg 62.4 R = P1P1 P2P2 T2T2 T1T1 V1V1 V2V2 k n

A steel container with a volume of 20.0 L is filled with nitrogen gas to a final pressure of kPa at C. How many moles of gas was used? = PV nTR = 2000(20.0) n (300) L · kPa mol · K °C = 300 K 16.0 moles

The molecular mass of water (H 2 O) is 18.0 µ... One mole of any particle has a mass equal to its total atomic/formula/molecular mass – IN GRAMS. The mass of 1 atom of Al = 27.0 µ The mass of 1 mole of Al atoms = 27.0 g So...the molar mass of water is 18.0 g/mol. Mass of one mole is the molar mass - (g/mol)

Molar mass of lead (II) chloride, PbCl 2 ? 1 particle of PbCl atom of Pb, 2 atoms of Cl 1 mole of PbCl mole of Pb, 2 moles of Cl PbCl 2 = g/mol + 2(35.5 g/mol) = g/mol The molar mass of lead (II) chloride is g/mol.

What pressure is exerted by g of methane (CH 4 ) gas in a sealed 5.35L container at 27 ºC? g 16.0 g 1 mol = 40.0 moles = PVnTR 27°C = 300 K L · kPa mol · K (5.35) (300) x 10 4 kPa = Molar mass of CH 4 = 16.0 g/mol (40.0)

A child lung capacity is 2.2 L. How many grams of oxygen gas do lungs hold at a pressure of 1.00 atm and a normal body temperature of C? mol 1 mol 32.0 g = 2.75 g of O 2 = PV nTR 37°C = 310 K L · kPa mol · K = 101.3(2.2) (310) moles Molar mass of O 2 = 32.0 g/mol