6.2 Notes – Overseas Empires

Warm-Up: Photo Analysis #1

Portugal and Spain Portugal gained control of Brazil….set up plantations to grow “income crops” of sugarcane, tobacco, coffee and cotton Spain sends out men called Conquistadors “To serve God and his Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness and grow rich as men do” 1519 Cortes conquerors the entire million person Aztec Empire of Empire with 600 men, 16 horses and a few cannons! HUGE help of smallpox disease and some friendly tribes of a thousand native warriors who were tired of human sacrificial rites. (Aztec leader Montezuma II thought Cortes MAY be their GOD Quetzalcoatl returning from the east.) Offered Spanish gold which only made them want more! Treated him as a visiting lord to be safe… Cortes than killed the leader and destroyed an Aztec army in their capital Tenochtitlan. Thus conquering what is now modern day Mexico.

Spain Continued Conquistador Francisco Pizarro, invaded the Inca Empire in South America (present day Peru) and massacred thousands of Inca as he demanded gold. Spain had two main goals in these conquests: – Acquire the wealth – Convert the Natives to Christianity. Founded settlements called missions and set up plantations. Spanish priests came in and forcibly converted the Native populations.

Triangular Trade This slave trade became part of what is known as the triangular trade. Ships sailed the legs of a triangle formed by Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Typically, European ships left their home ports in Europe carrying manufactured goods. In West Africa ship captains traded their goods with local rulers for enslaved people, most of whom were war captives.

The Triangular Trade System of trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Stage One: Raw materials (tobacco, rum, sugar) to Europe. Stage Two: Manufactured goods (guns, cloth, rum) to Africa. Stage Three: Slaves to the Americas to make the raw materials.

The Middle Passage An enslaved person’s journey from the west coast of Africa to the Americas was a ghastly ordeal called the Middle Passage. This middle leg of the triangular trade originated from ports along a 3,000 mile stretch on the west coast of Africa. Captured by other Africans, enslaved Africans were sold to European slave traders along the coast for transport to American plantations.

The Middle Passage (continued) Estimates of the number of enslaved Africans brought to America range from 10 to 24 million. One in five who began the trip did not survive it.

The slave trade in 2 minutes y_of_american_slavery/2015/06/animated_in teractive_of_the_history_of_the_atlantic_slav e_trade.html y_of_american_slavery/2015/06/animated_in teractive_of_the_history_of_the_atlantic_slav e_trade.html Write down your reaction to this video.

A Look Inside Slave Ships Because large cargoes brought large profits, the slave traders packed the captives as tightly as possible. Below deck, each African occupied a space only 4 or 5 feet long and 2 or 3 feet high. Chained together, they could neither stand nor lie at full length. In the darkness and stifling heat, many Africans suffocated or died of disease.

Land of the Free? Africans who survived the long Middle Passage faced another terror when they arrived in American ports: the slave auction. Examined by plantation owners, most Africans were sold to work as laborers-clearing land, planting, and harvesting. The work was hard, the hours long, and life expectancy short. Because Europeans believed that Africans were physically suited to hard labor, especially in hot, humid climates they were preferred to work on the plantations of the West indies and in the Americas…

Warm-Up Photo Analysis #2

3 rd Part of the Triangle Trade GOODS LIKE COTTON, coffee, SUGAR AND TOBACCO which the slaves raised on American plantations was then sent back to Europe The ships were unloaded of their crops and then reloaded with manufactured goods which were again traded in Africa for a new round of slaves.

Atlantic Slave Trade Overview 4JVg 4JVg – Die roll details!

Wrap-Up Work with your table and write down 10 questions from yesterday’s class and today’s class that you think would be on a quiz. Be sure to include the answers along with your questions!

What “stuck” with me today… Write down one new piece of information that you learned today and why you feel that this is important. Stick your post-it to the board on your way out of class!

Middle Passage Overview NW8 NW8