Causes and Fighting APUSH Unit 3 Module 1

 Causes of the War

  There were four World Wars between 1688 and King William’s War ( ) 2.Queen Anne’s War ( )  In both of these, the British colonials fought the French coureurs de bois (fur traders) and Indian allies  The Native Americans that sided with the British were the Mohawks of the Iroquois confederacy  1 and 2 end with the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) that ends the colonial wars for 30 years and brings British salutary neglect to the colonies 3.King George’s War ( )  Begins with England vs. Spain in the Caribbean and Florida  France and Spain once again join forces  New Englanders move into New France and take Louisbourg – this is later returned to the French by England  This move angers the colonists Background: Colonial Wars

 North America 1750

 Cause #1: British vs. French in the Ohio Valley France  Needed to maintain a connected route between Canadian colonies and New Orleans  Had much support from Native Americans in the Ohio Valley England (and colonists)  Wanted to move West  For land  And because they hated the French

  The Iroquois were the only real British allies  Even they were mad at the British  All of the other Native Americans were mad at the Iroquois Cause #2 British Issues with the Native Americans

 Sliding Towards War

 1754 The First Clash  Everyone wanted to build a fort at future Pittsburgh  The Ohio Co of VA sent 22 year old George Washington to stop the French from building a fort – that didn’t work  France builds Ft Duquesne and GW even has to give up Ft Necessity  An Iroquois leader killed a French officer…why?

 Albany Congress - June 1754 Iroquois  Angry about British neglect and increase of colonists moving West  Angry that they weren’t in charge of the Ohio Valley British  Called the Congress to soothe the Iroquois alliance  Ben Franklin jumps in with his “Plan of Union”

 Albany Plan of Union  Create a colonial level government for British America to deal with trade, Indian policy, and defense  Each colony would get a representative  Those at the Congress were more supportive than the colonies who did not want to lose their independence…hilarious Franklin had this commissioned in 1754 and it is considered America’s first political cartoon

 War Hawks  Hawks like William Pitt and Lord Halifax convince England’s PM Pelham to go to war  British send Commander Braddock to attack Ft. Duquesne. Epic fail – he is killed along with the French commander  Washington actually helps by rallying the British  British lose the first two years of the war

 The French and Indian War Known in Europe as the Seven Years War ( in Europe)

 British – American Tensions During the War ColonialsBritish Methods of Fighting Indian-style guerilla tacticsMarch in formation or bayonet charge Military Organization Colonial militias served under their own captains British officers wanted to take charge of the colonists Military Discipline No military deference or protocols observed Drills and tough discipline Finances Resistance to rising taxesBelieved the colonists should pay for their own defense Demeanor Casual, not like professional soldiers “Prima Donna” British officers with servants and tea settings

 British Fortunes Change All you should write is: William Pitt became PM in 1757 and the British began to win William Pitt  In 1757, expansion advocate William Pitt became the British PM and vowed to lead country to victory.  Pitt concentrated on:  expelling the French from North America  England would reimburse colonial assemblies for their war costs as long as the colonists were loyal to England  buying the support of the Native Americans with promises of fixed territorial boundaries Effects of Pitt’s Actions  The greatly fortified force devastated the Cherokee to the South and began capturing strategic French forts and cutting off their supply lines.  The British conquered Quebec in  In 1760, British captured Montreal.  In the final years of the war, the British defeated the French Navy and took French colonies in the Caribbean.  The French Empire in North America came to an end.

 Treaty of Paris 1763  France: lost Canada, most of claims in India, and claims to lands East of the Mississippi  Spain: received French lands West of the Mississippi and New Orleans, but lost Florida to England  England: got Canada, exclusive rights to the Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance in India

 Other Issues

  Non-Iroquois in Ohio Valley had to surrender their land to the British now that France was defeated  Ottowa Chief Pontiac led an Indian Alliance against the Europeans in the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes region  9 of 11 British Forts taken, 2000 lives lost in first 6 months, took British 18 months to end the rebellion  British retaliated with germ warfare (smallpox blankets) Pontiac’s Rebellion 1763

 The Proclamation of 1763  British attempt to keep colonists out of NA territory  Settlers were not supposed to move West of the Proclamation Line  They didn’t listen…

 French and Indian War Discussion

 1.What problems did England have after the war? 2.What problems did the colonies have after the war? 3.Write a “B” next to those things you know from your book and an “A” next to those things you know from Anderson’s article 4.Causation is one of our Historical Thinking Skills that we are working on. In your group analyze the differences in the book’s and Anderson’s arguments about causation – have at least one example from each In Your Groups:

  Your group is either from England or the Colonies  Create a list of 3 problems your side is facing after the French and Indian War and propose solutions for them to me (the King of England)  Each group should have one finished paper to hand in What is Your Plan?