 What was the role of the Duma in the Russian government?  Name the territories acquired by the United States in 1898?

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A New Physics A number of discoveries at the beginning of the 20 th century changed the way people viewed the universe Reason, Science, and Progress important words to Europeans Westerners believed that by applying known scientific laws, humans could attain a complete understanding of the physical world.

Prior Views of Science  Throughout most of the 19 th Century, Westerners beliefs in science were based largely on the ideas of Isaac Newton  The Universe viewed as a giant machine  Matter thought to be composed of solid material bodies called atoms

Marie Curie Discovered an element called radium gave off energy, or (radiation) that came from within the atom French Scientist

Albert Einstein GGerman born scientist PProvided a new theory of relativity SStated that space and time are not absolute but are relative to the observer IIn other words…Neither space nor time has an existence independent of human experience

 The U.S. dropped 2 atomic bombs on Japan during WWII, which ended the war. Was it moral for America to end the war in that fashion?  - It saved thousands of allied soldiers lives  -It killed some innocent citizens

These two discoveries would lead to an understanding of the energies contained within atoms and the atomic age

Sigmund Freud A doctor from Vienna Proposed a series of theories that raised questions about the human mind Major theories were published in 1900 in The Interpretation of Dreams

 According to Freud, human behavior was determined strongly by past experiences  He devised a method for probing into a patients memory called psychoanalysis  The importance of Freud’s thought was not felt until after War World I  Psychoanalysis, pioneered by Freud, developed into a major profession

Social Darwinism and Racism CCharles Darwin’s theories applied to society in a radical way by Nationalists and racism MMost popular Social Darwinist was H HH Herbert Spencer HHe argued that only the “fit” advanced while the stupid and lazy fall to the wayside

Social Darwinism and Racism Con’t Extreme nationalists insisted that nations were engaged in a “struggle for existence” German Fredrich von Bernhardi in 1907 argued “war is a biological necessity” Houston Stewart Chamberlain believed modern Germans were the only pure successors of the Aryans

Anti-Semitism Anti-Semitism- hostility toward and discrimination against Jews. Discrimination had gone on in Europe for centuries However, in the 19 th century European Jews were granted more legal equality This did not stop anti-Semitism, and many Jews fled Europe for the United States and Palestine

Zionism Persecutions and pogroms (organized massacres) became widespread 25,000 Jews moved to Palestine, which became home for a Jewish national movement called Zionism

Claude Monet Important Impressionist Painted pictures in which he captured light, water, and sky

Famous post- impressionist artist Maintained that artists should paint the way they feel

 One of the most important figures in modern art  In his paintings he attempted to view human form from many sides

Frank Lloyd Wright

 Standard  Complete Ch. 13 Section Assessment 1-25  Honors  Complete Ch. 13 Section Assessment 1-28,  Study for Ch. 13 Test  Bring YOUR textbook on test day  You may use Ch. 13 Assessment on Test!!!