Chapter 9, Section 4 A Rush to the West p While the Mormons migrated to Utah, other settlers flocked to California in search of gold.

Mexican Cession & Gadsden Purchase complete Manifest Destiny – Mexican Cession (Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo); cost $18 million – 1853 – Gadsden Purchase; cost $10 million New territories need to be settled…. p. 332

Mormons Settle Utah Main Idea: The Mormons journey westward seeking a safe place to practice their religion. Joseph Smith founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (the Mormons) – Book of Mormon (Holy Book) Mormon teachings come into conflict with many American communities – polygamy - practice of having more then one wife at a time Hostilities force Mormons to move from New York to Ohio to Missouri to Illinois…. – Joseph Smith murdered by an angry mob in Nauvoo, Illinois June 27, 1844 Joseph Smith Founds Mormon Church in 1830

The Prophet: Brigham Young After Smith’s death, Mormon followers seek a safe haven Brigham Young leads Mormons on hazardous journey to Salt Lake Valley in Utah Territory – 70,000 people, 1847 Difficult land to cultivate – Set up efficient system of irrigation Brigham Young

Conflict with the Government Three issues delay the Utah territory from achieving statehood: 1.Mormon church controlled electoral process – Non-Mormons couldn’t vote 2.Mormon church supported only Mormon businesses – “Outsiders” couldn’t compete with Mormon businesses 3.Polygamy was illegal in the rest of the nation It took 40 years to resolve these issues. – Utah didn’t become a state until 1896 (#45) Utah’s application for statehood being rejected AGAIN!

The California Gold Rush Main Idea: The discovery of gold brought thousands of new settlers to California. CA split between Californios (Mexican Californians) and new Anglo-American settlers Jan. 24,1848 : James Marshall discovers gold at Sutter’s Mill, near Sacramento 80,000 “forty-niners” come to California for the prospect (promise; something looked forward to) of finding gold – people who came to California (in 1849) seeking gold Population of California “BOOMS” from 14,000 to 100,000 in just 2 years! Sutter’s Mill in 1850

Water Rights California is mostly desert Illegal to cut off water flow running through the land Miners ignore law, use as much water as they want Disputes over water rights often end in violence – the legal right to use the water in a river, stream or other body of water Water is still an issue in CA (see page 339) Miner looking to “hit pay dirt”.

Mining Towns “Boom Towns” spring up near every gold discovery Communities appoint vigilantes to uphold the law and punish offenders – self appointed law enforcers Few women come to California to mine for gold – 12 to 1 men to women in California in 1850 Some women stay in the towns to run the services miners need – Hotels, restaurants, laundry services, & stores Calico, CA: “Ghost Town” by 1880

California’s Changing Population (Non-Indian) Population of California booms from 14,000 to over 100,000 in 2 years! ( ) Chinese immigrants: over 45,000 come to California to strike it rich – Face discrimination: hate crimes – Hired only for menial jobs – Help build the railway system African Americans: Some some southerners bring slaves Miners object to slavery in CA Why? – African Americans run their own churches, businesses, & newspapers – Do not have equal rights with whites (Can’t vote or serve on juries) Main Idea: The gold rush permanently altered the makeup of California’s population. Chinese railroad workers

California’s Changing Population (continued) “The Biggest Losers” Native Americans: Gold rush brings misery – Miners swarm over Indian lands – Vigilante gangs kill Indians & steal their land – 100,000 (2/3 rds ) Native Americans die in California Gold Rush By 1850 Californios (Mexican-Californians) make up only 15% of CA population – Out-numbered in state legislature – Can’t stop high taxes or discriminatory laws – State requires proof of land ownership Difficult: land grants came from Spain or Mexico – Many have to sell land to pay legal bills Californios lose control Yosemite Indians By 1850 California is ready to become a state…

That’s the end of Unit 4! UNIT 4 TEST next Wednesday – 50 Qs, 100 pts. Covers Chapters 7-9 Major topics: – C7: Industrial Revolution Factories, inventions, cities … – Slave-based agricultural South – C8: Social Reform Temperance, education, abolition, women’s rights, literature… – C9: Movement WEST “MANIFEST DESTINY” Oregon Trail Conflict with Mexico Gold Rush The Second Great Awakening