ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THEORY

Urie Bronfenbrenner Ecological systems model of socialization Used in many texts: ie. Mass media and socialization Livolsi, Marino.

The four systems 1: Microsystem: Immediate environments (family, school, peer group, neighborhood, and childcare environments) Mesosystem: A system comprised of connections between immediate environments (i.e., a child’s home and school)

The four systems 2: Exosystem: External environmental settings which only indirectly affect development (such as parent's workplace) Macrosystem: The larger cultural context (Eastern vs. Western culture, national economy, political culture, subculture)

MICROSYSTEM- SIGNIFICANT OTHERS FAMILY DYSFUNCTIONAL or FUNCTIONAL -EMOTIONAL, CARING, LANGUAGE RICH.

EXOSYSTEM OUTSIDE THE INDIVIDUAL CHILD NOT ACTIVE PARTICIPANT

EXOSYSTEM FACTORS: NEIGHBOURHOOD POVERTY PARENTAL EMPLOYMENT

MESOSYSTEM INTERMEDIATE SOCIALIZER TEACHERS, PRINCIPALS FAMILY AND SCHOOL FAMILY AND PEER GROUP

Chronosystem -temporal changes

Chronosystem Ecological systems or individuals producing new conditions that affect development.

Self-Identity: While in earlier, traditional societies we would be provided with that narrative and social role. (clear cut) In the post-traditional society we are usually forced to create one ourselves. (ambiguous)

Late modernity and Self As Giddens (Modernity and Self-Identity: 70) puts it: "What to do? How to act? Who to be? These are focal questions for everyone living in circumstances of late modernity – Questions we must ask: either discursively or through day-to-day social behaviour."

SELF CONCEPT Self-concept or self identity is the mental and conceptual understanding and persistent regard that sentient beings hold for their own existence. In other words, it is the sum total of a being's knowledge and understanding of his or her self

Self-concept. The self-concept is different from self- consciousness, which is an awareness or preoccupation with one's self.

Components of the self-concept include physical, psychological, and social attributes, which can be influenced by the individual's attitudes, habits, beliefs and ideas.

These components and attributes can not be condensed to the general concepts of self-image and the self-esteem.

Self-concept is learned. (1) It is learned, (2) it is organized, (3) it is dynamic. Each of these qualities, with corollaries, follow.