Recap questions on Ganzfeld procedure Without looking at your pack: answer these questions in groups of no more than 3 on the big boards. 1.Briefly describe the Ganzfeld procedure. 2.Name 2 features of pseudoscience. 3.Give one difference between science and pseudoscience (cannot use the same point as in the previous question) 4.What do you think would be the potential problems with the Ganzfeld procedure?

Recap questions on Ganzfeld procedure Answer these questions in pairs/3’s (do not use your pack) on the big boards. 1.Briefly describe the Ganzfeld procedure. 2.What do you think would be the potential problems with the Ganzfeld procedure?

DIRT Gender essay 2

Evaluation of Ganzfeld studies Discuss: Looking at the findings on p6, why is it difficult to discount the notion that ESP exists? What may the variation in results tell us about the replicability of the Ganzfeld procedures used in the studies? Why does this matter?

Methodological issues with the study of Paranormal Cognition 1.Lack of control. 2.Non-randomisation of targets. 3.Problems with the Ganzfeld procedure 4.Problems with statistical analysis. You have a 3 minutes to read your ‘issue’ (make sure you read this carefully as you will be explaining this to someone in a moment)

Methodological issues with the study of Paranormal Cognition Close your packs – get up and go and explain your point to at least one person and find out about the other 3 points. On mini-whiteboards – write down what the 4 methodological issues are and include a couple of key points related to each of the issues. Check your answers based on what is written in the pack. Now work together to answer the questions.

Potential exam question: Outline two methodological issues involved in the study of ESP. (4 marks) 1 mark for identifying a methodological issue that would be relevant to ESP/Ganzfeld and a further mark for explanation/ elaboration.

Past questions on the study of ESP (Ganzfeld) 1.During a public demonstration of 'psychic powers', a psychologist witnessed what appeared to be the ability of one person to read the thoughts of another. Explain how the psychologist could use the Ganzfeld procedure to investigate this apparent ability. (6 marks) 2.Outline and evaluate the Ganzfeld technique as a way of investigating ESP. (4 marks + 4 marks)

‘Evaluate’ AO2/AO3 credit is awarded for an evaluation of the Ganzfeld procedure as a way of studying ESP. Credit should be awarded for any relevant methodological issues including:  possible cheating and lack of control in early studies eg sensory leakage, insecure storage of images  possible researcher bias eg sceptical researchers v psi believers can influence the amount of elaboration by the receiver  influence of the receivers’ beliefs (the sheep-goat effect) Candidates may also consider how early problems led to the development of the auto-Ganzfeld procedure and discuss how this is an improvement on the original. This material can receive AO2/AO3 credit.