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Northwest Native Groups Conflicts; Washington Territory Treaties Random Category 100 Point 200 Points 300 Points 400 Points 500 Points 100 Point 200 Points 300 Points 400 Points 500 Points 300 Points 400 Points 500 Points Important People

This tribe was located in northeastern Oregon, central Idaho, and Southeastern Washington

Nez Perce

This tribe was probably the main reason for why Washington became a territory so quickly

Cayuse

Two of the tribes whose land bordered the Columbia River Basin

Cayuse, Walla Walla, Yakama

This precedent set by the U.S. government was well known by local natives by the time treaties were being written with northwest tribes in the late 1800s

Indian Removal Act of 1830 and the treaty/reservation system

Of all the native groups in the northwest, they are two of the three who ended up with the largest reservations after the war era

Yakama, Nez Perce, Colville

It’s the conflict that started the bloodshed in the northwest, and the year

Whitman Massacre; 1847

It’s the conflict that ended the wars in the northwest, and the year

Nez Perce Retreat; 1877

This series of battles resulted in Fort Simcoe being built right in the middle of a reservation

Yakama Wars

In this battle, the U.S. military were surrounded several times, but were able to escape to Ft. Walla Walla in the middle of the night

Battle of Rosalia

This chief surrendered to whites and was murdered without trial

Peopeomoxmox of the Walla Walla, Chief Qualchen of the Yakama

These two led the Walla Walla Council on behalf of the U.S. government

Isaac Stevens and Joel Palmer

This native chief was so angry he bit his lip when signing the Walla Walla treaty, went to war, and eventually escaped to Canada

Chief Kamiakin of the Yakama

This controversial chief was a Christian and had lived with the Whitmans at their mission before signing two treaties with the whites (Name and tribe)

Chief Lawyer (Hallalhatsoot) of the Nez Perce

This Chief was present at both the Whitman Massacre and the Walla Walla Council, and his tribe

Chief Stickus of the Cayuse

This U.S. general pursued the Nez Perce on their retreat to Canada, and was only able to catch them with help from another military detachment sent from the east

General Oliver O. Howard

It’s the year Washington became a territory, and the reason

1853; they wanted to be able to protect white settlers in the area following the Whitman Massacre

It’s the three branches of the territorial government (and federal) and the job of each

Executive- carries out laws; Legislative- writes laws; Judicial- interprets laws

It’s the head of the executive branch of the Washington Territory- title and name

Governor Isaac Stevens

It’s the difference between the two types of territories, and how each are run

1 st phase and 2 nd phase territory based on population; Congress runs 1 st phase, territory runs 2 nd

Washington’s Territorial Legislative Assembly was divided into these two houses

Upper house called a council, and a lower house called the House of Representatives

It’s the main reason for the treaty system that was put in place in the U.S.

To gain land from natives without war

It’s the main reason the coastal treaties did not end in war or violence like those of the plateau tribes

The coastal tribes were close together and not nomadic, whereas the plateau had vast territory and moved often

Violation of treaties by whites in the 1820s resulted in this sad outcome for the Cherokee tribe

Forced removal to Oklahoma on the Trail of Tears

It’s roughly the cash payments that the plateau tribes received as a result of the Walla Walla Council

Between $150,000 and $200,000 plus $500 annually for each chief

This group never signed a treaty, but ended up going to war and was put on a reservation anyway

Spokane Tribe, Wenatchi Tribe

It’s what Manifest Destiny means

The belief that god wanted us to rule from sea to shining sea

These three men were all Nez Perce Chiefs

Looking Glass, Chief Joseph, Chief Lawyer

In this battle, the Nez Perce had showed a white flag, and went on to badly defeat the U.S. military when the Americans opened fire on the natives

Battle of White Bird Canyon

It’s who probably killed Marcus Whitman

Tomahas of the Cayuse tribe

This Colonel was forced to retreat from the Battle of Rosalia– he was getting his butte kicked…

Edward Steptoe

Make your wager

They are the three main reasons that reservations shrank during the time period from

1) Whites were settling on reservations which caused conflict 2) Gold was discovered on reservations 3) Outbreaks of violence resulted in new treaty lines 4) Confusion over interpretation of the treaties and land ownership 5) Attacks by natives angry over the Walla Walla Council led to war