Subsequent Developments under the Caliphs Conquest and Culture Islam spreads- by the sword- throughout most of the Mediterranean world Stopped only by Charles Martel (story of Al Khahina) Christian world -divided, weak, chaotic … Dark Ages Islam knows relative peace & makes cultural, intellectual strides-- Superiority complex!!!

And in this period

Basic shape of Islam gets well established Islam means submission and you will submit to: To the Qur’an and the Hadith To local religious authorities and traditions To Allah’s appointed rulers To Allah, of course! To the established “Pillars of Islam”

The 5 Pillars of Islam 1 Shahada -confession of faith 2 Salat -ritual prayer – (5x daily) 3 Zakat - obligatory alms (2.5% - net worth) 4 Fast of the month of Ramadan (daylight hours) 5 Hajj - the pilgrimage to Mecca

Within the Muslim World Series of Caliphs Shiite/ Sunni division, other sects… Warring Islamic nations Folk –Islam develops, and then,…. the Ottoman Empire

Rise of Western Power- Loss of Face for Ishmael Muslims chased out of Spain “New World” discovered Industrial Revolution in Europe and America This bypasses Islam 20 th century- WWI & II Ottoman Caliphate ends in 1924 Israel

Naturally, all the preceding continues to shape the mindset of your new Muslim friend What conclusions must he reach if he “submits to” all those influences coming from Islam? How does he see you and your world? – Take a break now and answer these last two questions before moving on to the next segment: – the Muslim mindset today.