Graphs for Duncan-Murnane Briefing Document

Figure 1: Incomes of high and low-income families Source: U.S. Census Bureau; all income figures are in 2008 dollars. “Low” and “high” incomes are defined by the boundaries of the lowest and highest one-fifth of families.

Figure 2: Math achievement for low and high income children Source: Authors’ calculations based on data presented in Reardon (2011) “Low” and “high” incomes are defined as the 10 th and 90 th percentiles of the parent income distribution.

Figure 3: College graduation rates for low and high income children Source: Authors’ calculations based on Bailey and Dynarski (2011). “Low” and “high” incomes are defined as the bottom and top quartiles of the parent income distribution.

Figure 4: Enrichment expenditures on low and high income children Authors’ calculations based on data from the Consumer Expenditure Surveys. Amounts are in 2008$. “Low” and “high” incomes are defined by the lowest and high one-fifth of families.

Figure 5: Skill and behavior gaps between low- and high-income kindergarteners and fifth graders Source: Duncan and Magnuson (2011). Bars show differences between children in the top and bottom quintiles of socioeconomic status using an SAT-type scale.

Figure 6: Peer composition of students in low and high income schools Duncan and Magnuson (2011). “Low income” and “high income” are defined as more than 50% or less than 5% of students receiving free or reduced lunch.