Courtney Nielsen

 Help us find info  Storage  Performs calculations  Runs software  communication  Storing data  Research  Fact checking  Communication  Writing  Learning games Basic Tasks Schools? an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program.

 Small revolving wheels were turned to perform addition and subtraction  PASCAL computer language was named in his honor  Charles Babbage invented the “analytic engine” to calculate logarithms accurately  The complexity of his machine made the building of the “engine” impossible to reproduce  First “machine” that could store numbers The computers ancestors are some early calculation devices that led to modern computers. First Real Calculator by Blaise Pascal The First Genuine Computer

Herman Hollerith Census took until 1880 to tabulate -Census Dept had a contest to develop a machine speed tabulation -Hollerith’s machine was twice as fast as others The 1890 census was tabulated in just one month! Hollerith started his own company later known as the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)

The mark 1 Eniac Csirac 3 Early Electronic Computers 1940’s & 1950’s Earlier Computer Languages Antikythera Cobol Fortran Basic Why did Early Computers Break Down? They used a lot of energy, and would heat up!

 Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers. The transistor was invented in 1947 but did not see widespread use in computers until the late 1950s. The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-generation predecessors. Though the transistor still generated a great deal of heat that subjected the computer to damage, it was a vast improvement over the vacuum tube. Second- generation computers still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output. Transistors  The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.integrated circuitsiliconchipssemiconductors  Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system, which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory. Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessorskeyboardsmonitorsinterfacedoperating system applications 3 rd Generation Computers

a.k.a PC’s

What is a PC? A personal computer ( PC ) is a general- purpose computer, whose size, capabilities and original sale price makes it useful for individuals, and which is intended to be operated directly by an end-user with no intervening computer operator. This contrasted with the batch processing or time-sharing models which allowed larger, more expensive minicomputer and mainframe systems to be used by many people, usually at the same time. Large data processing systems require a full-time staff to operate efficiently.computerend-userbatch processingtime-sharingminicomputermainframe Who made PC’s? Philip Don Estridge First large scale production PC? Apple 2 PC users gained access to the world wide web in mid 1990’s. VisiCalc? VisiCalc was the first spreadsheet computer program, originally released for the Apple II. It is often considered the application that turned the microcomputer from a hobby for computer enthusiasts into a serious business tool, and is considered the Apple II's killer app. VisiCalc sold over 700,000 copies in six years, and as many as 1 million copies over its history.spreadsheetApple IImicrocomputerkiller app