substancemixture element Homo- geneous compound Hetero- geneous MATTER Physically separable Chemically separable

GASLIQUIDSOLID CompressibleHighlySlightly DensityLowHigh VolumeFills containerDefinite ShapeSame as container Own shape DiffusionRapidSlowVery slow ExpansionHigh w/ heatingLow w/ heatingLow Kinetic EnergyHighestMiddleLowest Arrangement of particles Total disorder. Particles are far apart. Random Motion Disorder Particles closer together Sliding Motion Ordered Very close together Vibrate and rotate Illustration

Mixtures & Separation Techniques

Mixtures Matter that has variable composition. Examples: air, metal alloys

Homogeneous Mixtures = same throughout Does not vary in composition from one region of the solution to another Also called a solution Solutions can form from any of the states of matter Air – gas solution Brass – solid solution Coffee – liquid/dissolved solid solution

Heterogeneous Mixtures Contains regions with differing properties Examples –Granite –Blood –Eggs

Separating Mixtures There are 4 main techniques for separating mixtures – Filtration – Distillation – Crystallization – Chromatography

Filtration  Uses a porous barrier (filter) to separate a solid from a liquid  The residue is the substance that remains on the filter paper. The filtrate is the substance that flows through the filter paper.  Ex. filter paper with sand & water

Distillation  Used to separate homogeneous mixtures. Technique is based on differences in boiling points  Ex. mixture of alcohol & water (alcohol has a lower boiling point than water)

Crystallization  separation technique that forms pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance.  Supersaturated solution  Ex. rock candy

Chromatography  separates components of a mixture on their tendency to travel or to be drawn across the surface of another material.  Ex. ink dyes when it gets wet