Computing Fundamentals Unit 1- Recognizing Computers

Objectives Understand the importance of computers Identify significant times in computer history Understand how computers developed into what they are today Describe how data is represented Define computers & computer systems Classify different types of computers

What is a Computer? A computer is a person, instrument, or machine that gathers, processes, and stores information. In this lesson, you will begin to broaden your vision of the word computer to include many things that process and store information, including people. In fact, the word computer, in older dictionaries, is defined as a person who makes calculations.

Where Are Computers Used? Students should name and write on the slide where they see computers used. What makes them convenient to be used everywhere?

Computer History In groups, make a computer history timeline of events Use an online timeline maker, poster paper, Word, etc. Mark at least 10 significant events Use your own words to describe Present these. Note particular: ENIAC

The Father of Computing Charles Babbage Designed a steam- powered calculator called the Difference Engine in 1821. His next idea was the Analytical Engine (1856), designed to perform any kind of mathematical calculation. Charles Babbage is often referred to as the “father of computing.” The purpose of the Difference Engine was to compile mathematical tables. Babbage received British government funding for his project, but when his attempts to build the machine failed, the project was cancelled in 1842. The photo on this slide shows a reproduction of the Difference Engine. The Analytical Engine used punched cards inspired by those used in Jacquard’s loom. Babbage died before the Analytical Engine could be completed, although part of it was built by Babbage’s son in 1910. The entire machine would have used 25,000 parts and weighed three tons.

40’s & 50’s Massive ENIAC Designed for military & government ENIAC, which was the size of a building or a city block and cost millions, was much less powerful than an iPhone of today.

World War II In 1943, the British built the first “Colossus” computer. Used to decipher encrypted teleprinter messages sent by the Germans during World War II. While optically reading a paper tape, the machine applied programmable logic to every character in an encrypted message and then counted how many times the logic function was determined to be “true.” The photo on this slide shows the Colossus Mark II. Notice the slanted control panel on the left and the paper tape on the right. Information about Colossus was not available to the general public until the late 1970s, after the Official Secrets Act ended in 1976.

Altair The first computer that most individuals could afford was the Altair 8800, built in 1975 by MITS. No keyboard or screen Information was entered by clicking switches Computers kept getting smaller and more powerful but they were not very “user-friendly.” Until the mid-1970s, computers were mostly used by the government, scientists, and large companies. The Altair’s computing results were displayed as patterns of small red lights.

First User-Friendly Computer Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak created the first user-friendly personal computer, called the Apple, with a built-in keyboard, display screen, and storage unit. The term personal computer refers to a computer designed to be used by one person at a time. The Apple I was introduced in 1976. The Apple II was first produced in 1977 and is pictured on the far left. Since then, Apple Computer, Inc., has created many more computer models including Macintosh computers and iMac computers. The first Macintosh is shown in the center, and one of the newest versions of the iMac is shown on the right.

IBM PC Bill Gates worked with IBM IBM computer in 1981 released Developed DOS IBM computer in 1981 released Pictured- $3500 Disk Drive storage- enough space for 42 text files, 56 VERY LOW res photos, and not even a half an mp3 song! Display- monochrome green; could hook up to TV for color Weight- about 60lbs!

Attack of the Clones IBM made the general design available to competing companies, resulting in many clones or “compatibles.” Today, the term PC often refers to computers running Microsoft’s Windows operating system. Microsoft, founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in 1975, created the software that operated the IBM PC. IBM did this is 1981. The photo shows an early IBM PC. Though people still refer to “IBM compatibles,” IBM does not even make computers now!

Review Who created the first user-friendly computer? Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak What term describes a computer design made available to other manufacturers? Compatible or clone

What is a Computer Today? Same as before… Receives data, processes data, outputs information, stores data Hardware Software Data Output of information

Computer System Receives data (INPUT), processes data (INTERNALLY), outputs information (ON MONITOR/RECEIPT), stores data (HD)

Binary The use of the binary number system with two values: 0 and 1. 1= ON (electricity) 0= OFF (no electricity) What Counting to Ten Looks Like Decimal: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Binary: 0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110, 111, 1000, 1001, 1010 In today’s computers, data is represented by the state of electrical switches: an “on” switch represents a “1” and an “off” switch represents a “0.”

Review What does PC stand for? In binary, what does a 1 mean? Personal computer In binary, what does a 1 mean? Voltage/electricity/On Who is known as the father of computing? Charles Babbage What are the four things any computer does? Receives data, processes data, outputs info, stores data Who created the first user-friendly computer? Apple (Steve Jobs & Wozniak)

Types of Computers Project In groups of 2, make a poster… Title of device Big picture of device It’s use & where it’s used Cost ($, $$, $$$, $$$$) Special Features Desktop Laptop/Notebook Netbook Tablets Workstation Servers Handheld/Smartphone Mainframe & Terminal Super Computer Embedded Computer Music/Media Player Game System E-Book Reader Directions Types of Computers

Desktop Personal computer- PC or MAC Individual user Come in case/monitor or all-in-one

Laptop AKA Notebook PC or Mac Portability Touchpad

Netbook (OLDER) NOT laptop replacement Made for travel Basic Check email Web Office No Multitasking

Netbook (OLDER) Lightweight & smaller Less powerful than laptop Small Screen Longer battery No CD/DVD Low in RAM (1GB) Windows XP/7 Basic

Tablets PC in smaller size Many functions of PC Has memory, storage, CPU Apps, Internet, Email Android, iOS, Windows Uses a stylus

Workstation Multiple CPUs, lots of RAM, multiple, high- capacity drives Video Editing, CAD, Animation, Scientific, CSI, X-Ray

Server Performs functions for computers on a network (provides a service) Hold Files Handle Email Web Site

Handheld/Smartphone PDA / Smartphone Personal Digital Assistant AKA Pocket PC Windows, iOS, Android, Palm OS Touch Screen Can do email, web, Office, etc.

Mainframe Connected to thin clients/PC’s Bulk data processing Banks, statistics Hundreds of thousands $ Large institutions & govt. Airlines

Supercomputers Large & fast Perform BIG calc’s Volumes of data Millions of $$$ Government Military Research Labs NASA

Other Types of Computers? Name some… Embedded computers: mp3, car, appliances, cameras Calculators, gaming systems, e-readers, GPS, ATM, POS, robotic manufacturing

Review 1 Managing an airline reservation & ticketing system would be best performed by which class of computer? Mainframe Which device would animators use to make CG effects for a movie? Workstation What is the fastest type of computer? Supercomputer Appliances have what kind of computer? Embedded

Review 2 What’s the biggest advantage of using a notebook? Portability T/F. A server is dedicated to sharing resources & data. True Which type of computer provides services to other PCs? Servers What device would have Palm OS on it? PDA/Handheld

Computing Fundamentals Unit 1- Recognizing Computers