TRUST Research on Physical Infrastructure Control, Monitoring, and Security Prof. Stephen Wicker Cornell University

Physical Infrastructure Power Grid, Telecom Infrastructure, Water Transport System, Interstate Highways ◦ Immense Investment  Financial: Sunk costs and ongoing development and maintenance  Human: Established development, maintenance, and regulatory organizations at state and federal level ◦ Critical to National Economy  National modes of production depend on functionality of critical infrastructures with embedded sensing and control  Multiple positive externalities have created secondary and tertiary dependencies (e.g. air traffic control dependence on power and telecom infrastructure) Increasing complexity and 21st century security requirements demand new approaches to control, security, and long-term maintenance.

TRUST Infrastructure Research Science and Technology ◦ Low-power processors ◦ Self-configuration algorithms ◦ Taxonomy of network attacks ◦ Information theory of privacy Testbeds ◦ Sensor networking and privacy ◦ SCADA/plant security Policy ◦ Smart meters and privacy intrusion ◦ Privacy-aware design

Nugget: TRUST Sensor Platform Technologies CU Asynchronous Processor – Event-driven execution is ideal for sensor platforms – Low power consumption useful for large-scale and/or long-term deploment Clockless logic – Spurious signal transitions (wasted power) eliminated – Hardware only active if it is used for the computation MIPS: high-performance – 24pJ/ins and V ProcessorBusYearE/opOps/sec Atmel8200?1-4 nJ4 MIPS StrongARM32200?1.9 nJ130 MIPS MiniMIPS nJ*22 MIPS Amulet3i nJ*80 MIPS 80C51 (P) nJ**4 MIPS Lutonium pJ4 MIPS SNAP pJ28 MIPS

Nugget: Smart Metering Provides Data Equivalent to a Search Algorithm Performs well in determining presence and sleep cycles. Over 90% of total interval length was correctly classified. Power consumption data falls within the ambit of EU Directive 2002/58/EC concerning the processing of personal data.