Chapter 11 WATER RESOURCES.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 11 WATER RESOURCES

Hydrologic Cycle Continuous movement of water All three phases of matter are represented Freshwater is not equally distributed

Hydrologic Cycle

Hydrologic Cycle Evaporation Precipitation Condensation Runoff Infiltration Groundwater Flow Transpiration

Global Water Supply

Surface Water Runoff/Overland Flow Tributaries Watershed or Drainage Basin Drainage Divide

Groundwater Vadose Zone Phreatic Zone Water Table Perched Water Table

Vadose and Phreatic Zones

Groundwater Aquifer Aquitard Confined Aquifer Unconfined Aquifer

Groundwater Figure 11.9

Free Flowing Artesian Wells

Artesian System for Municipal Water Supply

Drawdown and Cone of Depression

Long Island Sole Source Aquifer System Upper Glacial Aquifer Magothy Aquifer Lloyd Aquifer

Long Island 44 inches of precipitation annually Freshwater lens Ghyben-Herzberg Equation

Long Island Excess extraction ~50’ drop in water table in some areas Saltwater Intrustion

Groundwater Primary water source for ~50% of US US has lots of water Not equally distributed

Over-Pumping Groundwater Texas California Nevada Oklahoma Arizona New Mexico Louisiana Mississippi Arkansas

Groundwater Use and Supply Figure 11.13

Groundwater Movement Hydraulic Gradient Hydraulic Conductivity

Groundwater Movement Porosity Permeability

Darcy’s Law Q=K(dh/dl)A

Darcy’s Law Q=Kdh/dlA Q= Discharge of Water K=Hydraulic Conductivity dh=Change in water table elevation dl=Distance along which change occurs A=Area of aquifer system

End of Chapter 11