1. Rotation- spinning of earth on its axis. a. CAUSES DAY AND NIGHT b. sun cannot reach the side of earth facing away from it, so it is night there. c. It takes 24 hrs. for the earth to rotate once.

2. Revolution a. movement of one object around another. b. one complete revolution of earth around the sun is a year. c. Earth’s path is an orbit- elongated circle. d. It takes earth 365 ¼ days to revolve around the sun. e. The ¼ day is why we have leap year every 4yrs!

A. Tilted Axis 1. Earth’s axis is tilted 23.5 degrees. 2. The sun hits directly on the equator, causing it to be warmer than other places on earth. 3. As earth revolves around the sun, the north end of its axis is tilted away from the sun for part of the year and toward the sun for part of the year. 4. Summer and winter are caused by Earth’s tilt as it revolves around the sun.

1. N.Hem. More hrs of daylight, b/c Earth’s axis is pointed toward the sun, causing summer. 2. Earth is farthest from the sun in the summer. 3. S. Hem- Less hrs of daylight. S. Hem is pointed away from the sun, causing winter.

1. Sun reaches greatest distance north or south of equator twice a year. 2. Day when sun is farthest north of equator is summer solstice in N Hem and is winter solstice in S. Hem. 3. Jun 21 st is solstice.- longest day in N.Hem and shortest day in S. Hem. 4. Dec. 21 st is solstice- shortest day in N. Hem and longest day in S. Hem.

1. Spring equinox- N. Hem. March 21 st. 2. Autumn (Fall) equinox- N. Hem Sept. 21 st 3. Equinox- 12 hrs. of daylight and nighttime for everyone on earth. ( everyone has equal time). 4. Sun shines on the equator.

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