Chapter 1, Section 3 Elements
Elements elements are pure substances organized by properties on periodic table each square shows the name and letter symbol for each element usually the symbols relate to the English names but some come from older names (usually Latin) Ex: gold’s symbol is Au from aurum Ex: iron’s symbol is Fe from ferrum
Periodic Table Groups also called families vertical columns numbered 1 18 have similar chemical properties Periods horizontal rows properties changes consistently across a period
Periodic Table
two rows below the periodic table are the lanthanide and actinide series these rows fit after #57 and #89 they are only at the bottom to keep the width of the chart smaller
Types of Elements Metals an element that is a good conductor of electricity at room temperature, most are solids malleable- can be rolled or hammered into sheets ductile- can be made into wire high tensile strength- can resist breakage when pulled most have silvery or grayish white luster
Metals Some metals are very brittle Bismuth and Manganese Some metals are malleable and ductile Copper and Iron Most metals have a silvery or grayish white luster. Two exceptions Copper Gold
Types of Elements Nonmetals – an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity – many are gases at room temperature Nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and chlorine – some are solids: usually brittle, not malleable Carbon, phosphorus, selenium, sulfur, and iodine
Types of Elements Metalloids – an element that has some characteristics of metals and nonmetals – appear along zig-zag line between the metals and nonmetals – B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te – all are solids at room temperature – less malleable that metals but less brittle than nonmetals – are semiconductors
Types of Elements Noble Gases generally unreactive gases in far right column of periodic table