GEOL 553 LECTURE 19 Biological Evidence Microfossils Microfossils Pollen Pollen Diatom Diatom Macrofossils Macrofossils Plants Plants Insects Insects Mollusca.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Long term climate change. Climatic periods since the Pleistocene Ice Age in the UK Pre Boreal 10,300 BP Change from Tundra to continental. Original cold.

Advertisements

The Geography of Biological Diversity. Species-Area Curves S = species richness A = size of the sampling plot (eg. m 2 ) c and z are fitting parameters.

Section 9.1 Discovering Past Climates

Climate Variability on Millennial Time Scales Introduction Dansgaard-Oeschger events Heinrich events Younger Dryas event Deglacial meltwater Meridional.

Last Glacial Maximum Chapter 12 Bao, Mario, Ariel, & Keiyro.

Quaternary Environments Marine Sediments and Corals.

Proxies for climate reconstructions Geological observations Large fossil indicators of past climates Geochemical indicator Relative abundance of stable.

FIGURE 13-1 Mammals of the glacial maximum, years ago Chapter 13 The Last Glacial Maximum.

Abstract This paper presents a summary of paleoclimate and vegetation studies in western Oregon during the late Quaternary. The Willamette Valley climate.

THE CLIMATE RECORD & SEVERE WEATHER CLIMATOLOGY.

Paleoclimate Data Puzzle

Composite of Sea Level – for last 600 k years. Note that SL was not always extremely low during glacial periods. From Rabineau et al, EPSL, 2006.

Marine Microfossils Dr. J Bret Bennington Department of Geology.

Environment and Subsistence Chronology and climate Landscape Archaeology Plants & Environment Animals & Environment.

Non-marine paleoclimate records

The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) Lesson 1 Starter Slides on the nature and timing of the LGM.

Ancient environments Central Kansas - 80 Ma. Setting the Stage: Major Erosional/Depositional ‘Provinces’

Paleoclimatology Why is it important? Angela Colbert Climate Modeling Group October 24, 2011.

Micropaleontology By Prof. Dr. Salah N. Ayyad.

Quaternary Environments Quaternary Ecology. Paleoecological Studies  Cannot establish experiments and replicate them  Look for evidence of events that.

A Multidecadal Midge-Based Temperature Reconstruction From the Great Basin, United States Provides Evidence of Warmer Conditions During The Medieval Climatic.

“What would it take?” requires “How would we know?” Meditations on identifying past WAIS “collapse” events Reed SCHERER Northern Illinois Univ. DeKalb,

Discussion 4/24 Climate patterns & climate change.

Lecture 12 General history of foraminifera and their applications.

Proxy Records Ice Cores Dendrochronology Sediment records

Climate Observations Stable Isotope Analysis

Detecting Past Climates

Box 10.2 Simple similarity indexes used by various authors to estimate biotic similarities.

Climate Data and Paleoclimate Proxies Ruddiman p , Appendices 1 and 2 Paleoclimate at NOAA.

Think Big and Long Scale - Global System Time - Global systems don’t change instantly.

Oxygen Isotope and Paleoclimatic Information. B. Oxygen Isotope studies of calcareous marine fauna A. Paleoclimatic information from biological material.

Biological proxies. Plants as indicators of terrestrial environments Tissue/organs: Support --> wood (tree rings) Photosynthetic --> leaf anatomy (stomata)

Characterizing and understanding the Quaternary Glacial/Interglacial cycles Earth’s Climate and Environment: Past, Present, and Future GEOL 3100.

SNC2D Brennan Climate Change. Paleoclimate record Ice samples Sediment cores Pollen records Peat Bogs Fossil records Proxies –Use data that represents.

0 cm 120 cm 270 cm 420 cm 460 cm 550 cm Figure 1. Photographs of the 5 drives from the Max Lake sediment core. The first 2 drives were largely uniform.

CLIMATE CHANGE THE GREAT DEBATE Session 5.

EACHINGOSSILS CROSS URRICULUMS ORTHAROLINA.

Climate Change By Carmen Phillips Working with Heidi Roop.

GEOL 553 LECTURE 21 Biological Evidence Microfossils Pollen Diatom

Quaternary Environments Pollen Analysis

PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION: Non-Marine Biologic evidence PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION: Non-Marine Biologic evidence (plant macrofossils, treelines, pollen,

Deep-Sea Sediments CBGS types of sediment cover most of the deep ocean floor: Abyssal clay- covers most of the deep ocean floor, accumulates at.

Interpreting the sedimentary record

Communities  A biological community is a group of interacting populations that occupy the same area at the same time. Community Ecology Communities,

Exam 3 Tomorrow 151 Everitt, 7PM Covers classes 21 to 30 Same format as previous exams.

THE CLIMATE RECORD Paleoclimates, historical climates.

Chapter 5.  SPI Compare fossils found in sedimentary rock to determine their relative age. I can:  Compare fossils found in sedimentary rock.

The Surface of the Ice-Age Earth

Climate Change. Causes Several factors affect global climate: 1.Changes in solar output 2.Changes in Earth's orbit 3.Changes in the distribution of continents.

Glaciers. Formation of glaciers Glaciers – a large mass of moving ice. At high elevations and in polar regions, snow can remain on the ground year-round.

Unit 3 Notes Part 5: Climate Change. What are natural causes that could result in global climate change? Plate tectonics – when the continents move they.

Unravelling The Record:

Clues to Past Climate Change

Late Quaternary sea-level fluctuation and the development of coastal estuaries such as San Francisco Bay Jonathan Najarro, Hide Takahashi, & Marisela Mendoza.

Long Term climate Change

Important slides for PBL

Vegetational and Climatic History of the Pacific Northwest

CH08: Past Freshwater Changes

Chapter 3: Changing Climates

OPENER Without using your notes or Cell phones or ipads or tablets

DO NOW Pick up notes and Review #5. Turn in Review #4.

Deep-Sea Sediments.

“What Can Dust Reveal about Past Climates

Paleoclimate Proxies A proxy is a natural data set that mimics an environmental change, e.g. increased tree ring width and increased temperature and moisture.

Non-marine biological evidence

CH08: Past Freshwater Changes

Fossil pollen grains.

Proxy Measures of Past Climates

Presentation transcript:

GEOL 553 LECTURE 19 Biological Evidence Microfossils Microfossils Pollen Pollen Diatom Diatom Macrofossils Macrofossils Plants Plants Insects Insects Mollusca & Ostracoda & Foraminifera & Coccolithophores Mollusca & Ostracoda & Foraminifera & Coccolithophores Mammalia Mammalia Lab: Age Modeling: Radiocarbon Lab: Age Modeling: Radiocarbon Discussion: NSF Grant Proposal Guide Discussion: NSF Grant Proposal Guide

Biological Records of Climate Change Nature of Record: Nature of Record: Macrofossils Macrofossils Microfossils Microfossils Biomolecular (DNA) Biomolecular (DNA) Taphonomy Taphonomy In-situ In-situ Selective transport Selective transport Differential degradation Differential degradation Interpretation of Assemblages Interpretation of Assemblages Modern Analogue Modern Analogue Ecosystems Ecosystems Paleobiology: single vs. multi proxy Paleobiology: single vs. multi proxy PollenDiatomPlantInsectMoluscaForaminifera Micropaleontology deep sea Vertebrate remains

Biological Records of Climate Change: Pollen The analysis of fossil evidence employs uniformitarian principles, namely that knowledge of the factors that influence the abundance and distribution of contemporary organisms enables inferences to be made about the dominant environmental controls on plant and animal populations in the past. Subsample of a pollen assemblage typical of last cold stage deposits from the site of St Front, France.

Relative pollen diagram showing variations in abundance of principal taxa in a lake sediment sequence

Pollen concentration diagram for some of the taxa represented in relative proportions in previous Figure. Spike of “Exotic” Pollen

Pollen accumulation rate (PAR) diagram

The changing vegetation cover of the eastern USA from 18 ka to present. The changing vegetation cover of the eastern USA from 18 ka to present. Isopollen maps (sometimes referred to as ‘isochrone maps’), provide ‘snapshots’ of regional vegetation cover for selected time periods

Biological Records of Climate Change: Diatom procedures employed to derive quantitative lake-water pH reconstructions from fossil diatom records

BIDI = Brackish Intertidal Diatom Index 0 – 1 0 = lower elevation 1 = higher elevation

Diatoms are microscopic, unicellular members of the Bacillariophyta of the algal kingdom

A marine incursion (positive sea-level tendency) as reflected in a diatom assemblage

Biological Records of Climate Change: Plant Macrofossil

Biological Records of Climate Change: Insect Remains Subfossil Coleopteran sclerites recovered by flotation from peat deposits overlying a Bronze Age occupation site near Ballyarnet Lake, Co. Derry, Northern Ireland.

Since the entire insect fossil is rarely recovered from the sediment body (commonly identification is made on an elytron [wing cover] or thorax, or even a small fragment of an elytron), keys to identification are of limited value and identifications require careful comparisons with modern specimens.

Late Glacial South Wales, UK Warmest = FU-2 Cooler = FU-3 Coldest = FU-4 (Younger Dryas) Thermophiles FU-5

Beetles v Trees Central England Augment Palynological Analyses

Present-day European distributions of four coleopteran species found in Lateglacial deposits.

Mutual Climate Range method MCR Test

Generalized Climate Curves

Biological Records of Climate Change: Nonmarine Mollusca

Biological Records of Climate Change: Marine Mollusca Examples of some common marine bivalves of the North Atlantic

Distribution of marine zoogeographical provinces in the Northeast Atlantic: a) present time; b) during the Eemian (Last) Interglacial.

Biological Records of Climate Change: Ostracoda Climatically significant ostracods from the Pleistocene of the British Isles

Biological Records of Climate Change: Foraminifera

Planktonic foraminiferal provinces in the modern ocean showing the close relationship between sea- surface temperature gradients and species abundances.

Biological Records of Climate Change: Micropaleontology Deep Sea

Biological Records of Climate Change: Megafauna