Agriculture Ecology Biology - Agriculture Science Standard I Objectives 2 & 3

Ecology the study of the RELATIONSHIPS of living things to EACH OTHER and their ENVIRONMENT (surroundings)

Ecosystems ALL of the LIVING communities of an area together with the NON-LIVING parts of their ENVIRONMENT

Parts of an Ecosystem LIVING community (BIOTIC factors) ENERGY input and use NUTRIENT cycling NON-LIVING environment (ABIOTIC factors)

Ecology involves the study of the following things: The interactions between members of the BIOTIC community (the living plants, animals and microbes) The interactions between members of the BIOTIC community and the NON- LIVING environment The interactions between the ABIOTIC environmental factors (such as light- temperature-moisture)

Organizational Levels Organism/ Individual Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere

Organizational Levels Activity On one side of a blank sheet of paper illustrate and label the concept of Biosphere Biosphere Your illustration here

Organizational Levels Activity Fold the paper in half so that your illustration is on the inside. Biosphere

On one side of your paper illustrate and label the concept of Ecosystem. Organizational Levels Activity Ecosystem

Organizational OrgLevels Activity Fold the paper in half so that the illustration of ecosystem is on the inside. Ecosystem

Organizational Levels Activity On one side of the folded piece, illustrate and label the concept of Community. Community

Organizational Levels Activity Fold the paper in half so that the illustration of community is on the inside. Community

Organizational Levels Activity On one side of your folded piece illustrate and label the concept of Population. Population

Organizational Levels Activity Fold the paper in half so that Population is on the inside. Population

Organizational Levels Activity On one side of the folded sheet illustrate and label the concept of Organism or Individual.

Cycles of Matter Water Carbon Nitrogen Phosphourous

WATER CYCLE WATER IN ATMOSPHERE PRECIPITATION EVAPORATION WATER /ICE

Water Cycle

Carbon/Oxygen Cycle CARBON DIOXIDE PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION OXYGEN

Carbon Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle NITROGEN GAS NITROGEN FIXATION DENITRIFICATION NITRATES ANIMALS PLANTS

Nitrogen Fixation Nitrogen fixation is the natural process, either biological or abiotic, by which nitrogen (N 2 ) in the atmosphere is converted into ammonia. This process is essential for life because fixed nitrogen is required to biosynthesize the basic building blocks of life, e.g. DNA and proteins.

Nitrogen Cycle

Habitat It is the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the physical environment that surrounds (influences and is utilized by) a species population.

Predator-Prey One organisms depends on the other organism

Symbiosis “Living Together” One species lives in close association with another species over a period of time Avoids competition for resources –Examples: Mutualism Parasitism Commensalisms

Mutualism Both organisms benefit It is between two different organisms Example: Crocodile Bird and the Nile Crocodile –Crocodile usually eats animals, but allows the bird to walk on its mouth –Bird cleans parasites in the crocs teeth and removes and eats scraps of food

Commensalism One organism benefits, one unharmed –Sharing space, defense, shelter food “eating together at the same table” Neither one will die if relationship is ended Example: Shrimp and Sea Cucumber –The shrimp spends the day inside the intestines of the sea cucumber and at night emerges from it to feed on small crustaceans –The cucumber does not benefit from it, but is not harmed

Parasitism One organism, the parasite, secures a home on or inside another organism The parasite is the “guest” and the other organism is the “host” It usually harms the host and benefits the guest

Trivia Time – Part 1 This organism is a bird that eats insects that live on and irritate antelopes. The bird flies up noisily when other animals approach. What type of symbiotic relationship does this describe?

Trivia Time – Part 2 This organism lives in the intestine of its host, feeding off the host’s blood. The host suffers from loss of blood; it becomes thin and is easy prey to diseases. What type of symbiotic relationship does this describe?

Biomes of the World Tropical Rain Forest Temperate Forest Tundra Boreal Forest/Taiga Temperate Woodland/Shrubland Temperate Grassland Mountains Savannah Desert Icecaps