The Resurrection Part III Jesus' Disciples Believed That He Rose And Appeared To ThemJesus' Disciples Believed That He Rose And Appeared To Them Minimal Fact 2Minimal Fact 2

Review from Part I & II Part I Part I Definitions Definitions Focus Focus Purpose & Method Purpose & Method Part II – Jesus Died by Crucifixion Part II – Jesus Died by Crucifixion Existence of Crucifixion – Josephus, Cicero, and Tacitus Existence of Crucifixion – Josephus, Cicero, and Tacitus Was Jesus crucified? – Josephus, Tacitus, Lucian, Mara Bar-Serpion, and the Jewish Talmud. Was Jesus crucified? – Josephus, Tacitus, Lucian, Mara Bar-Serpion, and the Jewish Talmud. Is the Bible usable as a source? – All four Gospels! Is the Bible usable as a source? – All four Gospels!

Jesus' Disciples Believed That He Rose And Appeared To Them Skeptic: How do you trace these words back to the lips of the disciples themselves? How do you trace these words back to the lips of the disciples themselves? Even if you could, how could you show they believed it? Even if you could, how could you show they believed it?

They Claimed It – POW Nine Independent and Early Sources Paul – What Paul has to say concerning the other apostles is credible and important. Paul – What Paul has to say concerning the other apostles is credible and important. Claimed equal authority as other apostles. (2 Cor. 10:8; 11:5; 13:10; 1 Thess. 2:6; 4:2; 2 Thess. 3:4; Philem. 1:21) Claimed equal authority as other apostles. (2 Cor. 10:8; 11:5; 13:10; 1 Thess. 2:6; 4:2; 2 Thess. 3:4; Philem. 1:21) Acknowledged by early apostolic fathers (Clement, Polycarp, and Ignatius) Acknowledged by early apostolic fathers (Clement, Polycarp, and Ignatius) Paul reports fellowship with at least the big three. (Galatians 2:1-10) Paul reports fellowship with at least the big three. (Galatians 2:1-10) Acts reports association between Paul and the other apostles. Acts reports association between Paul and the other apostles. Early church writers (within a century) include Paul as one of the apostles. Early church writers (within a century) include Paul as one of the apostles. 1 Corinthians 15:9-12 (This becomes important later, also) 1 Corinthians 15:9-12 (This becomes important later, also)

They Claimed It – POW Nine Independent and Early Sources Oral Tradition Oral Tradition Creeds (1 Corinthians 15:3-8) – Written circa 55 AD. Creeds (1 Corinthians 15:3-8) – Written circa 55 AD. Possibly received within five years of the crucifixion. Possibly received within five years of the crucifixion. For I delivered to you… For I delivered to you… Aramaic original – Cephas Aramaic original – Cephas Greek ὁ τι – hoti – “and that” – fourfold use common in creeds. Greek ὁ τι – hoti – “and that” – fourfold use common in creeds. Parallelism in structure. Parallelism in structure. Non-Pauline Terms, “according to the Scripture.”*, “sins”(, “the Twelve”*, “appeared to” or “was seen”, “on the third day”* Non-Pauline Terms, “according to the Scripture.”*, “sins”(, “the Twelve”*, “appeared to” or “was seen”, “on the third day”*

They Claimed It – POW Nine Independent and Early Sources Oral Tradition (continued) Oral Tradition (continued) Creeds (1 Corinthians 15:3-8) continued Creeds (1 Corinthians 15:3-8) continued Early testimony to Jesus' resurrection Early testimony to Jesus' resurrection Probably eyewitness testimony to Jesus' resurrection Probably eyewitness testimony to Jesus' resurrection Multiple testimonies to Jesus' resurrection: Cephas (Peter), the Twelve, more than five hundred at one time, James, all of the apostles, Paul. Multiple testimonies to Jesus' resurrection: Cephas (Peter), the Twelve, more than five hundred at one time, James, all of the apostles, Paul. Post Resurrection appearances: the 12, 500+, all of the apostles. Post Resurrection appearances: the 12, 500+, all of the apostles.

They Claimed It – POW Nine Independent and Early Sources Oral Tradition (continued) Oral Tradition (continued) Sermon Summaries (Acts 1-5, 10, 13, 17) - within twenty years of Jesus' crucifixion Sermon Summaries (Acts 1-5, 10, 13, 17) - within twenty years of Jesus' crucifixion Important points concerning the sermon summaries: Important points concerning the sermon summaries: Early testimony to Jesus' resurrection Early testimony to Jesus' resurrection Possible eyewitness testimony to Jesus' resurrection Possible eyewitness testimony to Jesus' resurrection Group appearances: Acts 10, 13 Group appearances: Acts 10, 13

They Claimed It – POW Nine Independent and Early Sources Written Tradition Written Tradition All four Gospels All four Gospels Mathew Mathew Mark Mark Luke + Acts Luke + Acts John John Apostolic Fathers Apostolic Fathers Clement of Rome (95 AD, 1 Clement 42:3) Clement of Rome (95 AD, 1 Clement 42:3) Polycarp (110 AD, Polycarp to Philippians 9:2) Polycarp (110 AD, Polycarp to Philippians 9:2)