“The Splendid Little War” The Spanish American War May - December 1898 Chapter 3, Section 6

Causes 1.The Cubans rebel against their Spanish colonial masters 2.Jingoism- is patriotism in the form of aggressive foreign policy. Jingoism also refers to a country's advocacy for the use of threats or actual force, as opposed to peaceful relations, in efforts to safeguard what it perceives as its national interests.

U.S. begins to show its power in the Western Hemisphere Displays of Power Vs. Chilean Government Vs. Brazilian Rebels Vs. Great Britain All of these actions reaffirmed the Monroe Doctrine

1)The United States would not get involved in European affairs. 2) The United States would not interfere with existing European colonies in the Western Hemisphere. 3) No other nation could form a new colony in the Western Hemisphere. 4) If a European nation tried to control or interfere with a nation in the Western Hemisphere, the United States would view it as a hostile act against this nation *In 1823, the U.S. was not powerful enough to enforce Monroe's proclamation. Outside the United States, the "doctrine" went mostly unnoticed. In the early 1900s, the U.S. emerged as a world power and the Monroe Doctrine became the foundation of U.S. foreign policy The Monroe Doctrine – 1823*

The Cuban Rebellion Cuban peasants vs. The Spanish Empire “Re-concentration Camps” – 200k Cubans Dead US didn’t get involved until Rebels destroyed our sugar plantations

Jingoism “We’ve got the men and guns…” Many Americans are pro-war (many aren’t) Yellow journalism whips up anti-Spanish Sentiments

Yellow Journalism and the Spanish American War.

The Spanish-American War is often referred to as the first "media war." During the 1890s, journalism that sensationalized—and sometimes even made up—dramatic events was a powerful force that helped propel the United States into war with Spain. Led by newspaper owners William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, journalism of the 1890s used melodrama, romance, and hyperbole to sell millions of newspapers--a style that became known as yellow journalism.

The term yellow journalism came from a popular New York World comic called "Hogan's Alley," which featured a yellow-dressed character named the "the yellow kid." Hearst copied Pulitzer's sensationalist style and hired "Hogan's Alley" artist R.F. Outcault away from Pulitzer. In response, Pulitzer commissioned another cartoonist to create a second yellow kid. Soon, the sensationalist press of the 1890s became a competition between the "yellow kids," and the journalistic style was coined "yellow journalism."

Fueled by the new “mass media” President McKinley calls upon Spain to seek peace with the rebels in Cuba. Spain makes a few moves and offers some reforms. However, the rebels want full independence. McKinley orders the battleship MAINE to Havana harbor to “protect U.S. citizens and U.S. interests”

Explosion of the USS Maine Stationed in Havana Cuba Probably a coal fire or ammunition explosion Killed 250 Americans

The Last Straws Asst. Sec. of the Navy, Teddy Roosevelt tells the US Navy to prepare for war (with out permission) McKinley demands a truce, and Cuban independence.

Off on a tangent, but hey, it’s about TEXAS! Did you see this on the previous slide?

The USS TEXAS was the United States' first battleship, being commissioned a month earlier than USS MAINE. USS TEXAS took part in the bombardment of the fortress on Cayo del Tore, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba in concert with USS MARBLEHEAD. She also took a very active part in the Battle of Santiago.

On February 15, 1911, the USS TEXAS was renamed USS SAN MARCOS so that the old name could be given to a new battleship (BB-35). And now, back to the war…

The Teller Amendment to the War Declaration The Teller Amendment states that the U.S. can only get involved with Cuba in regards to smoothing over conflict and helping them with stability. Once their duty of preservation is over, the United States must relinquish control and allow Cuba to be governed by its people. The Teller Amendment simply ensured that the United States could not permanently acquire Cuba.

Naval Actions Simultaneous attacks on Spanish ships in Cuba and the Philippines. The Spanish Pacific fleet is wiped out in less than 7 hours. The Gulf of Mexico Fleet will be wiped out on July 3 rd.

In 1898, the United States supported Filipino general Emilio Aguinaldo in his efforts against the Spanish colonial government. Once Filipino forces expelled the Spanish colonial government, Aguinaldo appointed himself the new leader of the Philippines. However…after the Spanish American War ends… When the United States refused to recognize his authority and instead sent troops to occupy the islands, the Philippine Republic under Aguinaldo's leadership declared war on the United States.

Before becoming President of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt was the Assistant Secretary of the Navy. He resigned in 1898 to organize the Rough Riders, the first voluntary cavalry in the Spanish-American War. Roosevelt recruited a diverse group of cowboys, miners, law enforcement officials, High Society gentlemen, and Native Americans to join the Rough Riders.

Land Actions

San Juan Hill Only part of a much larger battle Made Teddy Roosevelt even more famous

Casualties 2500 Americans die, only 16% are battlefield casualties. MOST DIE FROM DISEASE.

Treaty of Paris, 1898 The US gets… –Guam (unincorporated territory) –The Philippines (unincorporated territory) –Puerto Rico (unincorporated territory) Spain gets… –$20 Million

Cuba gets… INDEPENDENCE! (after the Platt Amendment)

Our new colonies… Puerto Rico was given gradual self control. The Philippines (who had aided U.S. vs. the Spanish) wanted independence. Over 200k Filipinos died fighting the US

On another tangent, the.45 caliber bullet is created during this conflict.

Hawaii Forced Annexation in 1898 Used for A Naval Base Wanted access to their sugar cane

American Samoa Pago Pago harbor was used as a refueling station Set up Midway Island as a refueling station

McKinley is re-elected with Teddy Roosevelt as his Vice-President