Transition to Parenthood Revchuk N.

Transition Passage or process occurring over time involving development, flow, or movement from one state, condition, or place to another. Changes in: Identities Roles Relationships Abilities Patterns of behavior

Six conditions influence the transition experience Meanings Expectations Level of knowledge Environment Level of planning Emotional and physical well- being

Indicators of healthy transition outcomes includes the following Subjective well-being Role mastery Well-being of interpersonal relationships

Parenting Is a process of role attainment and role transition that begins during pregnancy. The transition end when the parent develops a sense of comfort and confidence in performing the parental role The parenting process requires cognitive and affective skills and knowledge as well as motor skills.

Affective Components Attachment Bonding Proximity Reciprocity Commitment

Antecedents (prerequisites) for attachment Awareness of previous attachment Physical and psychological availability Acceptance of the pregnancy and the baby Making mutual acquaintance with the baby

Consequences Consolidation of parenting skills Grows and development of the baby Establishment of a durable bond

Process of attachment pregnancy Early postpartum p. Continue postpartum p. established

Favorable precondition for attachment A parent’s emotional health A social support system encompassing mate, friends, and family A competent level of communication and care-giving skills Parental proximity to the infant Parent-infant fit

Attachment includes: Mutuality Acquaintance Claiming process

Assessment of attachment behavior N ursing C hild A ssessment F eeding S cale 76 behavioral items: 50 items describe the parent’s behavior 26 items focus on child’s behavior

Parent – infant contact Early contact Extended contact Labor-delivery-recovery rooms Labor-delivery-recovery- postpartum rooms Single-room maternity care

Communication between parent and infant Touch Eye-to-eye contact Voice Odor Entrainment Biorhythmicity Reciprocity and Synchrony

Maternal Adjustment Depended phase Depended-Independent phase Postpartum “Blues” Interdependent Phases

Paternal Adjustment Expectation Reality Transition to mastery

Infant-Parent Adjustment Modulation of rhythm Modification of behavioral repertoires Mutual responsivity

Factors influencing parental responses Age Social support Culture Socoieconomic condition Personal aspiration Visually impaired parent Hearing impaired parent

Sibling Adaptation Grandparent Adaptation

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