Chapter 6

 People ◦ 5% of Earth’ population live in the U.S and Canada  US = 300 millionCanada = 33 million ◦ All are immigrants  Native Americans thousands of years ago  Waves of Europeans/Asians/Africans in past 400 years  Sought political/religious freedom  Improved economic opportunity  Enslaved Africans

 Population Density and Distribution ◦ US and Canada are vastly different  US = 78 people per sq mi.Canada = 8 per sq. mi. ◦ Canada  90% live along US border  Rugged terrain and brutal climate make most of Canada inhospitable to human inhabitation  Canadian Shield has poor soil  Who lives there?

 Population Density and Distribution ◦ US and Canada are vastly different  US = 78 people per sq mi.Canada = 8 per sq. mi. ◦ United States  Population Centers  Northeast and Great Lakes  Pacific Coast  Sunbelt  Sparsely populated areas  Alaska  Great Basin and Great Plains

How physical geography effects human geography

 Cities ◦ US and Canada have experienced urbanization  The concentration of population in cities ◦ Jobs, education, health care and cultural opportunities draw people to cities ◦ Metropolitan areas = city with +50,000 people and its outlying communities called suburbs  80% of the U.S.

 Cities (cont.)  Coastal Cities  People tend to live along the ocean coast  Megalopolis – “great city”  Combines Boston-New York-Philadelphia-Baltimore- Washington DC  Over 42 million residents  Other coastal cities include: Miami, New Orleans, Houston, Los Angeles, Vancouver  All are major port cities

 Cities (cont.)  Inland Cities  People tend to live along inland lakes and rivers as well  Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River Cities  Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit, Milwaukee, Chicago  Mississippi River System Cities  Winnipeg, Minneapolis, St. Louis, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, New Orleans, Memphis, Nashville  Other inland cities grew from being commercial hub  Kansas City, Dallas, Atlanta, Charlotte, Calgary, Edmonton, Phoenix, Oklahoma City, Las Vegas  How is each city represented by professional sports?

New York Charlotte Miami Montreal Vancouver Cleveland Pittsburgh Boston Kansas City Las Vegas Toronto Memphis New Orleans

History and Government!

 History ◦ Native Americans  Native peoples traveled across a land bridge from Asia to North America thousands of years ago  By 10,000 years ago people lived in across what is now the USA and Canada  Native Culture varied by location  Subarctic & tundra – hunt caribou, seals, and wear thick furs  Maritime Northwest – hunt whales, salmon; carve totems  Southwest – irrigation farmers  Plains – migrant hunters  Lower Mississippi – mound builders, farmers  Northeast – farmers, hunters

 History ◦ European Colonies  Migration began in the 1500s  Mostly from Spain, France, and England  French in the North, Spain in the South, England in the middle  Came for “God, Gold, and Glory”  Religious zeal/freedom, seeking wealth, and personal adventure  Set up colonies  English and Spanish imported African slaves to work cash crop plantations  European disease and warfare decimates Native populations

 History ◦ Two New Countries  French & Indian War  (French/Indians vs. British/Americans)  France loses…gives territory to Britain  French in Quebec region of Canada keep French culture/language  American Revolution  Americans tire of British taxes  Win Independence  Britain keeps control of Canada until 1982!

 From the US tried to conquer Canada?  And lost!

 History ◦ Sea to Shining Sea  Both USA and Canada expand westward to the Pacific  1803 Louisiana Purchase  1845 Texas  1846 Mexican Cession & Oregon Territory  1867 Alaska and Hawaii

 Economics ◦ Growth, Division, Unity  1800s Industrial Revolution  Turns the northeast USA and southeastern Canada into manufacturing hubs  Massive Eastern and Southern European immigration  Agriculture in the southeast USA  Relies on slave labor  Leading cause of the American Civil War  20 th Century  Technology and expansion help USA and Canada become world leaders

 Government ◦ USA  Federal Government with a Constitution  Bill of Rights lists out basic freedoms  Legislative (Senate & House of Representatives) – make laws  Executive (President and Cabinet) – enforce law  Judiciary (Supreme Court) – interpret laws

 Government ◦ Canada  Was a Dominion until 1982  Only partially independent from United Kingdom (Great Britain)  Parliamentary Government  Two houses legislature (Senate & House of Commons)  Prime Minister acts as the executive  Supreme Court interprets law

Culture and Life Styles

 Cultural Characteristics ◦ Religious Freedom  Americans and Canadians both enjoy protected religious freedom  USA – 1 st Amendment  Most Americans and Canadians are Christians…but both countries have many Jews, Muslims, Buddhists and nonreligious peoples

 Languages ◦ English is the primary language ◦ French is spoken in Quebec ◦ Spanish is spoken by millions in America as well ◦ Locally Chinese, Korean, Viet, etc are spoken

 The Arts ◦ Music  Native American, Folk, Country, Rock, Jazz, Blues, Hip- Hop, Rap, all originated in North America

 The Arts ◦ Visual Arts  Paintings, architecture, sculpture all thrive in North America Art Deco Pollack Wright

 The Arts ◦ Literature thrives across US and Canada

 The Arts ◦ Pop Culture  Hollywood  New York

 Lifestyles ◦ Americans and Canadians enjoy a high socio-economic status ◦ Both are developed countries ◦ Healthcare and Education are available to people ◦ Leisure activities are popular – sports, outdoors etc.