ENL 121: Paraphrasing and Quoting A paraphrase is a restatement of someone’s ideas that uses your own words. To be sure that you are paraphrasing, hide the original text. Otherwise, you will have a tendency to look at it and accidentally quote. Do NOT put quotation marks around a paraphrase. A paraphrase is a restatement of someone’s ideas that uses your own words. To be sure that you are paraphrasing, hide the original text. Otherwise, you will have a tendency to look at it and accidentally quote. Do NOT put quotation marks around a paraphrase. We have already looked at quoting, so this presentation is about practice. Assume that you are writing a paper and want to use Connolly’s article as a source. (Do the following exercises in your Cornell notes.)

Exercise # 1 – A Basic First Quotation The first sentence in paragraph 8 (page 4) of Connolly’s article is: The first sentence in paragraph 8 (page 4) of Connolly’s article is: “Young Goodman Brown did not lose his faith (we are even told that his Faith survived him); he learned its full and terrible significance.” Quote and frame this. Leave out the words in parentheses. Assume that this is the first time you use the article, so include a credibility marker in your frame. For your ITC, use the page number. Include metacommentary.

Exercise # 1 In an article in Nineteenth-Century American Literature, Thomas Connolly argues that “Young Goodman Brown did not lose his faith... ; he learned its full and terrible significance.” (4) That “significance” is that Brown is almost certainly going to hell. The problem with Connolly’s argument is that such a fate is difficult for most 21 st century people to understand.

Exercise # 2 In paragraph 7, Connolly states the following: In paragraph 7, Connolly states the following: Calvinism teaches that man is innately depraved and that he can do nothing to merit salvation. He is saved only by the whim of God who selects some, through no deserts of their own, for heaven while the great mass of mankind is destined for hell. Paraphrase this, but in the paraphrase quote just one important word. Frame the paraphrase, including metacommentary. If you do not know what a word means, ask. Assume that you have already cited Connolly.

Exercise # 2 According to Connolly, Calvinists believe that everyone was born an evil sinner and can do nothing to deserve salvation. A few people, however, will be chosen to go to Heaven, simply by a “whim” of God. (4) In other words, most people are predestined to go to Hell, and for absolutely no reason, a few will be going to Heaven. This clearly raises the question of a “just” God—what is this “justice”?

Exercise # 3 – Citing Secondary Sources Sometimes you will want to use source material that is quoted or paraphrased in the source you are using. These are called “secondary sources.” It is better to find and use the original source, but often there is not enough time to do that. When you cite secondary sources, either quoting or paraphrasing, you need to cite your original source—with an addition in the in-text citation. The addition is Sometimes you will want to use source material that is quoted or paraphrased in the source you are using. These are called “secondary sources.” It is better to find and use the original source, but often there is not enough time to do that. When you cite secondary sources, either quoting or paraphrasing, you need to cite your original source—with an addition in the in-text citation. The addition is (qtd. in _______)

Exercise # 3 – Citing Secondary Sources In his first paragraph, Connolly states: In his first paragraph, Connolly states: Richard H. Fogle observes, “Hawthorne the artist refuses to limit himself to a single and doctrinaire conclusion, proceeding instead by indirection.” Suppose you want to use Fogle’s idea. Write it out twice, framing each version, once as a quote, and once as a paraphrase.

Exercise # 3 (qtd, in Connolly, 1) Richard H. Fogle believes that, “Hawthorne the artist refuses to limit himself to a single and doctrinaire conclusion, proceeding instead by indirection.” (qtd, in Connolly, 1) Richard H. Fogle suggests that Hawthorne’s works never state a clear theme and are therefore intentionally ambiguous. (Connolly, 1)