The Steamboat As mentioned before, rivers offered a faster, more efficient, and cheaper way to move goods rather than traveling by horse and carriage But, how could people make river travel faster??? The Steamboat! Aka Riverboat

In 1807, Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston stunned the nation when their steamboat, the Clermont, chugged 150 miles up the Hudson River from New York City to Albany in a total of 32 hours

Robert Fulton: American Engineer and Inventor (1765- 1815) Robert Livingston: American Lawyer, Politician , and Diplomat to France (1746 - 1813) Invested in Project

How the Steam Engine worked? By boiling water, steam is produced. The steam is used as a working fluid. The working fluid puts the engine in motion.

Before the steamboat, barges loaded with cargo could only easily sail downstream Moving against the current was very difficult The steamboat made river travel much easier. By 1850, over 700 steamboats traveled along our nation’s waterways.

The invention steamboat not only increased the number of cargo carrying ships in the country, but it also increased the number of water routes Steamboats and the success of the Erie Canal sparked a wave of canal building the country. By 1840, there were more than 3,300 miles of canals in the United States.

The Iron Horse Taking a steamboat through a canal was not the only new form of transportation that emerged in the early 1800’s Railroads also appeared in America in the early 1800’s

In 1830, American business man and engineer Peter Cooper built America’s first steam engine locomotive The “Tom Thumb”

To demonstrate Tom Thumb’s power, Cooper raced his train against a horse Forty men and women were pulled behind Tom Thumb in a passenger car as the train raced. Unfortunately, a belt slipped off the engine and the horse was victorious

Tom Thumb could travel about ten miles per hour. Still much faster than a stagecoach loaded with cargo And could carry much more cargo than a stagecoach The demonstration was a success! Many railroads decided to invest in this new technology ***Steam Engine Locomotives

Unlike steamboats, trains could travel anywhere that railroad track could be laid. Trains will help expand the country westward… As the railroads expanded, they created newer national markets Demands for iron and coal created new types of jobs in the country. Mining Steel mills

Between 1830 – 1861, the United States built more than 30,000 miles of railroads This means it needed 60,000 miles of iron rail Coal Production in 1820: = 50,000 tons Coal Production in 1860: = 14 million tons

Industrialization in the North Industry developed quickly in the United States in the early 1800’s for several reasons. Free Enterprise People (business owners) could acquire capital Capital = money Competition between companies General Incorporation laws New Inventions

Free Enterprise The Free Enterprise was based on private property Individuals could acquire capital and make their own choices about how to use it. People could start and own their own businesses. Business owners were allowed to make their own choices without strict government controls

General Incorporation Laws Beginning in the 1830’s, many states (mostly in the north), encouraged industrialization by passing general incorporation laws. These laws allowed companies to become corporations To raise money, these corporations began issuing stock. These new Incorporation laws did not require the corporation to obtain a charter from the state legislature. Competition emerged between these companies. Buying company stocks and production numbers

As mentioned before, the majority of the country’s Industrialization began in the Northeast. Many of these factories used the region’s streams and rivers to provide factories with power. Waterpower or Hydropower

New Inventions Several technological innovations incited the nation’s industrial growth Other than locomotion and steamboat One of the most popular was the new concept of interchangeable parts. Machines made large quantities of identical pieces that factory workers could assemble into finished products

The pieces needed to be identical, so the worker could EASILY build the product Also replace or repair damaged parts Not only would interchangeable parts simplify the building process, but it rapidly increased the speed of the building process American inventor Eli Whitney came up with the idea of interchangeable parts Thought the idea could benefit the U.S. Military.

In 1801, Whitney took ten guns to the U. S In 1801, Whitney took ten guns to the U.S. Congress, he took them all apart, mixed the pieces in a pile, and reassembled all ten of the guns. The Congress then ordered that all military weapons be constructed with interchangeable parts

Eli Whitney December 8, 1765 - January 8, 1825 Born in Westbourough, Massachusetts Educated at Yale College American Inventor Invented Interchangeable Parts The Cotton Gin

The Cotton Gin The Cotton Gin is a machine that quickly separates cotton fibers from their seeds. Cotton Gin is short for Cotton Engine It was invented by Eli Whitney in 1793

Whitney’s cotton gin was capable of cleaning fifty pounds of cotton a day. The model consisted of a wooden cylinder surrounded by rows of slender spikes, which pulled the lint through the bars of a comb like grid.

The grids were closely spaced, which prevented the seeds from passing through. Loose cotton was brushed off to prevent the cotton gin from jamming

Prior to the invention of the cotton gin, cotton required very extensive and painful labor -All by hand… Majority of this labor was performed by slaves *Majority of cotton was grown in the south

Results of the Cotton Gin Cotton production greatly boosted the southern economy. By the late 1840’s, Southerners were producing more than two million bales of cotton a year. In 1860, production reaches almost four million bales In 1860, Southern cotton sold for a total of $191 million dollars to European markets

While the cotton gin made some Southern planters incredibly rich, it also strengthened the institution of slavery. The spread of cotton plantations all over the Deep South made the demand for slave labor skyrocket. Congress outlawed FOREIGN slave trading in 1808 Cannot import slaves from Africa or Caribbean

Slave traders acquired slaves that were born in the United States High birthrate among enslaved women Between 1820 – 1850, the number of slaves in the South rose from 1.5 million to 4 million The slave population tripled over a thirty year span, but no more slaves were imported from Africa.

Morse Code Another technological advancement that emerged around the same time as Whitney’s inventions was the Morse Code Invented by Samuel Morse in 1832 Greatly improved communication in the country Telegraph Key

Morse Code messages became known as telegraphs Samuel Morse Morse Code is a method of transmitting information in a series of on and off tones. Each letter or character is represented by a unique order of dots and dashes. Morse Code messages became known as telegraphs Telegraph: Long distance transmission of messages using signaling technology.

The first long distance telegraph was sent from Washington, D. C The first long distance telegraph was sent from Washington, D.C. to Baltimore, M.D. in 1844 TO Baltimore: “What hath God wrought?” TO D.C.: “What is the news from Washington?”

At first, the Morse Code was greatly used as a tool for journalists A speedy way to transmit the news and information It will later become one of the greatest devices used by the military.