Sex Differences Real or Imagined? Traditionally, we documented and remember the differences 4 Religious writings 4 Plato’s wandering uterus 4 Germanic.

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Presentation transcript:

Sex Differences Real or Imagined?

Traditionally, we documented and remember the differences 4 Religious writings 4 Plato’s wandering uterus 4 Germanic soldiers and system of fines 4 Mythology 4 Studies of brain differences

Yes, there are some sex and gender differences Are they due to nature or nurture????

3 broad areas of differences 4 Biological 4 Cognitive 4 Personality

Biological- Physical Attributes 4 Genes - chromosomes, sex-linked traits 4 Hormonal differences 4 Physical features - height, strength, % body fat, hemoglobin, temperature regulation,bones, iron deficiency 4 Health

Cognitive Abilities 4 Until recently, thought there were 3 areas of big differences - verbal, spatial, mathematics Today new research casts doubt 4 General Intelligence 4 Brain & Cognitive Processing

Cognitive Abilities 4 Verbal 4 Quantitative and Spatial 4 Mathematics –math abilities –attitudes about math

So what does this info say/mean? 4 There may not be glaring male/female differences 4 differences in attitude (anxiety,self- confidence, attribution for success) may be different for men and women 4 stereotypic beliefs still exist for some parents, teachers, others

Eccles’ Expectation X Model Examines the variables that affect/ determine whether girls take math courses in high school

So here’s the BIG question: 4 If women don’t have some genetic inferiority regarding math and math- related occupations, why are females less likely to choose advanced math classes? 4 Think about how earlier choices in math courses affect college major choice and career options

We need to look not only at genetic abilities but at the influences of society, stereotypes, unconscious assumptions and attitudes

Sex Differences Real or Imagined?

Physical/Personality Differences 4 Body Space 4 Body Posture 4 Touch 4 Facial Expressions –Smiling –Eye Contact

Personality Differences/Similarities 4 Sociability 4 Nurturance, Helping behavior 4 Self-Esteem 4 Emotionality –sadness, tears, joy, etc. –aggression

What causes aggression and the differences between m & f?? 4 As a small group - design a graphic model to shows the factors that contribute to aggression 4 Then we’ll share different models on the blackboard

Why do we see ‘mixed’ findings? 4 Behavior is situation specific 4 Hawthorne effect - people act differently when being observed 4 Difficult to measure subtleties - we use stereotypes to fill in gaps 4 Social situations reward people differently toys, childhood experiences, practice to performance,self-esteem, individual motivation, power differential 4 Wide variations & overlap between men & women

So-- are gender differences due to nature or nurture?

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