Classification System with Harry Potter

Crayfish Catfish Silverfish

Taxonomy: classifying organisms & giving them a universally accepted name Lets classify some goblins!

Classifying both living and nonliving things, so that we better understand the world around us

 Carolus Linnaeus  Botanist & Father of taxonomy gave them all Latin names  Came up with the system in the 1700s that is still used today

 Organisms are classified by their: * physical structure (how they look) * evolutionary relationships (phylogeny) * genetic similarities (DNA) * biochemistry similarities

 Binomial nomenclature: each species is assigned a two-part scientific name  Two-part: Genus & Species Genius!!

 Scientific name is always written in italics  First letter in the first word is CAPITALIZED  Second is lowercased Ursus arctos Ursus maritimus

 Hierarchical classification: Broad  specific  Kingdom  Phylum Class Order  Family Genus Species Binomial name

 Hogwarts Houses: Slytherin, Hufflepuff, Ravenclaw, Gryffindor Year: 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd, etc.  Student: Harry, Ron, Hermione

 Phylogentic trees show branching patterns of taxonomy classifications using evolutionary history. (Phylocode)  Branch points – diverging evolution  Sister taxa – share recent common ancestor  Basal taxa – do not share a very recent ancestor  Polytomy – points on the tree that are unclear

 Does not show: Rates of evolution Age of species Taxa next to one another did not evolve from one another

 Clades – groups of ancestral species and all its descendents  Monophyletic vs. Paraphyletic vs. Polyphyletic “single tribe” “beside the tribe” different ancestors all descendents only some descendents

 Shared ancestral characteristics  Ex. All vertebrates including mammals have a backbone  Shared derived characteristic  Ex. Not all vertebrates have fur like mammals  Compare to outgroup

 A. The classification has changed since Linnaeus’s time with new evolutionary findings  B. At 1 st living organisms were classified as either plant or animal, today there are more precise classifications producing 6 main Kingdoms based on cell structure, # of cells, how they get their food & movement  1. Eubacteria  2.Archaebacteria  3. Protista  4. Fungi  5. Plantae  6. Animalia

 A. Domain is larger than a Kingdom & separates the kingdoms into major groups  1. Eukarya - protists, fungi, plants & animals  2. Bacteria – eubacteria  3. Archaea - archaebacteria

 Prokaryotic single celled organisms that are heterotrophs (can not make own food) some can be autotrophs (make own food)  Found everywhere

 Prokaryotic single celled organisms that are heterotrophs while some can be autotrophs  Found only in extreme conditions hot springs, salt brines, ocean vents

 Eukaryotic single celled organism that either be autotrophic or heterotrophic  There are Plant-like, Animal-like & Fungi-like

 Eukaryotic usually multicellular heterotrophs with cell walls that consume decaying matter  Few are unicellular bread molds

 Eukaryotic multicellular autotroph (photosynthesis) organisms with cell walls

 Eukaryotic multicellular heterotrophs with no cell walls