In the beginning…..

your new friends: MINERALS Basic Building Blocks of Rocks

I. Introduction A.Major Elements Found in the Earth’s Crust

I. Introduction A.Major Elements Found in the Earth’s Crust Oxygen (O)…………………………. 46.6%

I. Introduction A.Major Elements Found in the Earth’s Crust Oxygen (O)………………………… % Silicon (Si)…………………………… 27.7%

I. Introduction A.Major Elements Found in the Earth’s Crust Oxygen (O)………………………… % Silicon (Si)…………………………… 27.7% Aluminum (Al)…………………… %

I. Introduction A.Major Elements Found in the Earth’s Crust Oxygen (O)………………………… % Silicon (Si)…………………………… 27.7% Aluminum (Al)…………………… % Iron (Fe)…………………………… %

I. Introduction A.Major Elements Found in the Earth’s Crust Oxygen (O)………………………… % Silicon (Si)…………………………… 27.7% Aluminum (Al)…………………… % Iron (Fe)…………………………… % Calcium (Ca)………………………… 3.6%

I. Introduction A.Major Elements Found in the Earth’s Crust Oxygen (O)………………………… % Silicon (Si)…………………………… 27.7% Aluminum (Al)…………………… % Iron (Fe)…………………………… % Calcium (Ca)………………………… 3.6% Sodium (Na)………………………… 2.8%

I. Introduction A.Major Elements Found in the Earth’s Crust Oxygen (O)………………………… % Silicon (Si)…………………………… 27.7% Aluminum (Al)…………………… % Iron (Fe)…………………………… % Calcium (Ca)………………………… 3.6% Sodium (Na)………………………… 2.8% Pota. (K)…………………………… %

I. Introduction A.Major Elements Found in the Earth’s Crust Oxygen (O)………………………… % Silica (Si)…………………………… 27.7% Aluminum (Al)…………………… % Iron (Fe)…………………………… % Calcium (Ca)………………………… 3.6% Sodium (Na)………………………… 2.8% Pota. (K)…………………………… % Magnesium (Mg)…………………… 2.1%

I. Introduction A.Major Elements Found in the Earth’s Crust Oxygen (O)………………………… % Silicon (Si)…………………………… 27.7% Aluminum (Al)…………………… % Iron (Fe)…………………………… % Calcium (Ca)………………………… 3.6% Sodium (Na)………………………… 2.8% Pota. (K)…………………………… % Magnesium (Mg)…………………… 2.1% TOTAL 98.5%

Proportion of major elements making up the mass of the entire earth

I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding

I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding 1. Ionic “transfer”

I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding 1. Ionic “transfer”

I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding 1. Ionic “transfer” “the octet rule” Compounds want to behave like the Noble Gases

I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding 1. Ionic “transfer”

I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding 1. Ionic “transfer”

I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding 1. Ionic “transfer”

I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding 1. Ionic “transfer” 2. Covalent “sharing

I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding 2. Covalent “sharing

I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding 2. Covalent “sharing

I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding 2. Covalent “sharing

I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding 1. Ionic “transfer” 2. Covalent “sharing 3. Metallic “mega-covalent”

II. What Is a Mineral?

A. naturally occurring

II. What Is a Mineral? A.naturally occurring B.inorganic

II. What Is a Mineral? A.naturally occurring B.inorganic C.crystalline solid

II. What Is a Mineral? A.naturally occurring B.inorganic C.crystalline solid D.has a unique atomic structure and definite chemical composition

III. Properties of Minerals

A. Crystal Form

III. Properties of Minerals A. Crystal Form

III. Properties of Minerals B. Hardness : the mineral’s ability to scratch, or be scratched.

III. Properties of Minerals B. Hardness

III. Properties of Minerals C. Luster: Light reflected from the surface of a mineral 1. Metallic 2. Non Metallic

III. Properties of Minerals C. Luster

III. Properties of Minerals D. Streak

III. Properties of Minerals D. Streak

III. Properties of Minerals E. Cleavage: when minerals break along repeated planes of weakness

III. Properties of Minerals E. Cleavage

III. E. Cleavage

III. Properties of Minerals F. Fracture: when minerals break irregularly

III. Properties of Minerals G. Color All are calcite!!!

III. Properties of Minerals H. Specific Gravity

III. Properties of Minerals I. Taste/Touch/Smell salty greasy Pretty smelly!

III. Properties of Minerals J. Magnetism K. “Fizz” with HCl

IV. Mineral Types

A.Silicates B.Non Silicates

IV. Mineral Types A.Silicates 1.Single Tetrahedra

IV. Mineral Types A.Silicates 1.Single Tetrahedra Ex: Olivine

IV. Mineral Types A.Silicates 2. Double Tetrahedra (1 O shared) Ex:

IV. Mineral Types A.Silicates 3. Single Chain (2 O shared) Ex: Pyroxene

IV. Mineral Types A.Silicates 4. Double chain (2 and 3 O shared) Ex: Amphibole

IV. Mineral Types A.Silicates 5. Ring Structure ( and O shared) Ex:

IV. Mineral Types A.Silicates 6. Sheet Structure ( and O shared) Ex: Mica Biotite Muscovite

IV. Mineral Types A.Silicates 6. Sheet Structure ( and O shared) Ex: Mica

IV. Mineral Types A.Silicates 7. Framework Structure (4 O shared) Ex: Quartz Feldspars

IV. Mineral Types A.Silicates 7. Framework Structure (all 4 O shared) Ex: Quartz SiO 2

7. Framework Structure (all 4 O shared) Ex: Feldspars (Al, Si, O) compounds Na Plagioclase Ca Plagioclase K-Feldspar “Orthoclase”

B. Non Silicates 1. Carbonates (CO 3 )

B. Non Silicates 1.Carbonates (CO 3 ) Calcite (CaCO 3 ) Dolomite Ca Mg (CO 3 ) 2

B. Non Silicates 2. Halides Halite (NaCl) Fluorite (CaF 2 )

B. Non Silicates 3. Oxides (O 2 ) Hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ) Limonite FeO(OH)Magnetite (FeFe 2 O 4 )

B. Non Silicates 4. Sulfides (S) Pyrite (FeS 2 ) Galena (PbS)

B. Non Silicates 5. Sulfates (SO 4 ) Gypsum CaSO 4 * 2H 2 O Variety: Alabaster Variety: Selenite

B. Non Silicates 6. Native elements Diamond (C) Sulfer (S) Graphite (C)

B. Non Silicates 6. Native elements Copper (Cu) Gold (Au) Silver (Ag)