Chapter 10: Multitasking Slide Template

OVERVIEW

EFFORT AND RESOURCE DEMAND

Performance-resource function Resource limited, data limit

Allocation policy Sustained atttention

MULTIPLICITY

Stages The stage dichotomy of the multiple resource model

Processing Codes Analog/spatial processing and categorical/symbolic (linguistic and verbal) processing

Perceptual Modalities Visual and auditory modalities

Visual Channels Focal and ambient vision

A Computational Model Analog/spatial processing and categorical/symbolic (linguistic and verbal) processing

EXECUTIVE CONTROL, SWITCHING, AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Executive control system Interruption management Task management

Task Switching Switch cost Stimulus complexity Amplified cost with shortened switch intervals

Interruption Management S 1 properties of the OT – Engagement – Modality – Dynamics – Priority of the OT – Subgoal completion – Delay in S 1

Interruption Management Switch 1 properties of the IT: Salience and modality – Auditory preemption – Sensory preemption S 2 : Quality of return to OT – Visibility – Similarity

From Interruption Management to Task Management Urgency Importance Task duration

DISTRACTED DRIVING

Mechanisms of Interference Effort and resource demand Multiple resource structure Resource allocation

Cell Phone Interference Do cell phones interfere with driving? What are the mechanisms of interference? Are hand-free cell phones safer than hand held phones?

TASK SIMILARITY, CONFUSION AND CROSSTALK

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN THE TIME SHARING

Expertise and Attention Time sharing skill – Visual scanning – Interruption management – Attention flexibility

Training Expertise in Timesharing Skills Scanning training Interruption management training Attention management training Between-task interaction

Aging and Attention Skills Age-related deficiencies in the resource allocation Suffer greater from distractions Some degradation in executive control