European Imperialism Get out paper for notes, write what is in red and underlined

Imperialism imperialism – the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region sphere of influence – an area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges. The goal was to prevent conflict with other colonial powers.

Motives Needed markets to sell the goods made in their factories Needed the cheap raw materials for their factories Establish military posts Benefit smaller countries with European ideas Social Darwinism – idea of “survival of the fittest”; the strongest nations should survive while the weaker nations should be conquered

European Nations in Asia England Singapore (1819), New Zealand (mid-1800’s), Australia (1770), Burma, India (1600) – East India Company “The sun never sets on the British Empire.” France Vietnam, Cambodia (1884): French Indo-China Siam (Thailand): The only Southeast Asian country to remain independent

The Imperial World

Crimean War (October 1853 – February 1856) Crimean War – a war that broke out when Russia invaded Ottoman lands along the Danube; ended in Russian defeat to an alliance of France, the United Kingdom, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia The war showed how backward Russia was. People demanded change. The longer-term causes involved the decline of the Ottoman Empire and the unwillingness of the United Kingdom and France to allow Russia to gain territory and power at Ottoman expense.

Crimean War

Sepoy Rebellion East India Company begins trading in India (1600), set up forts for protection. Steadily built a trading empire in India. Sepoys were hired Indian soldiers who didn’t like the British, felt they were fighting against their own people and that the British were trying to convert them to Christianity. 1857, rumors that bullets were greased with cow and pig fat. (Muslims can’t touch pigs, Hindus believe animals are sacred). Rebellion began, was put down by the British military in 1858.

Sepoy Rebellion

British Influence in India British take control of India from the East India Company. Viceroy was sent to rule. India was called the “jewel of the crown” in the British Empire. To ease anger in India, the British built schools, universities, railroads, telegraph lines, paved roads, and irrigation canals. British told the Indians to grow cotton (for the factories instead of wheat)- leads to food shortages that kill millions.

British Influence in India

Map of British India

Africa During Imperialism The race for Africa began when Belgium claimed an area around the Congo. Other Europeans joined the race to claim Africa. The Berlin Conference of : 14 European nations met to decide how Africa was going to be divided. No African representation Divided the continent with no regard to ethnic or language boundaries. Africa is easily dominated because the Europeans have advanced weaponry, and the Africans are not working together.

Africa After the Berlin Conference

Egypt and the Suez Canal Europe needs a faster route to trade with Asia French and Egyptians split the cost of the canal (52% vs 48%) Opened in 1869 Egyptians need money – sell their part to the British The British navy kicks out the French Britain makes Egypt a protectorate

Egypt and the Suez Canal

Zulu Wars British take Dutch port of Cape Town. The Dutch settlers (Boers or Afrikaners) moved inland onto Zulu land. Zulu King Shaka defeated the Boers in Zulu King Cetshwayo stood up to the British in 1879, fought for 6 months (Zulu War). British won, annexed in Zulu Wars

Opium Wars - China China had been isolationist since the era of colonization. The British were determined to open trade with China, so they began to trade the drug opium. The Chinese government outlawed the sale of Opium and the British protested. There are two separate wars ( ), ( ). The Chinese lose. They are forced to trade with the British, and they lose the city of Hong Kong to the British.

China *China was weakened by: 1. Pressure from Imperial Powers 2. Corrupt government 3. Food shortages 4. Peasant unrest 5. Power of local warlords *Leads to the Taiping Rebellion – an internal rebellion which attempted to establish a kingdom where no one lived in poverty. *Europeans want access to the natural resources in China. *U.S. Proposes Open Door Policy, all countries have an equal opportunity to trade in China.

Boxer Rebellion: China China started secret societies to kick out Europeans (tired of Europeans trying to spread Christianity) The Society of the Harmonious Fists (Boxers) attacked foreigners in Britain, France, Germany, Russia, Japan and U.S. sent troops to stop the rebellion.

Soldiers of the Eight nation Alliance: Britain, the United States, Russia, British India, Germany, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Japan

Chinese Boxers