© BBR Bonn 2003 Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003 Dr. Karl Peter.

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Presentation transcript:

© BBR Bonn 2003 Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003 Dr. Karl Peter Schön Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development (BBSR) Brussels 22. September 2011 Quelles perspectives pour les métropoles en Europe? IAU Ile de France Europe Metropolitan Regions in Europe

© BBR Bonn 2003 Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003 How to identify metropolitan regions The ‚classical‘ geographical approach: > Preselect administrative units with „urban“ characteristics > based on population size, density, or other morphological indicators > identify larger regional units (commuting areas, cont. build-up areas), > Then add indicators for metropolitan, international, global importance > And analyse to which degree urban areas are „metropolitan“, i.e. involved in global processes NUTS ? Comparable data? Does pop matter?

© BBR Bonn 2003 Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003 Alternative approach Start from (global) functions rather than territorial units: > modern societies are organised in subsystems which are based on functional specialisation > five important subsystems are: politics, economy, science, transport, culture > All these subsystems are globalizing, following their own specific (spatial) patterns. > Where are global functions located?

© BBR Bonn 2003 Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003 Reversed approach Instead of asking: > „Where in Europe are the most significant concentrations of population („urban areas“) and what „metropolitan“ characteristics do these areas have?“ we asked: > „Where in Europe are the most significant concentrations of metropolitan functions and how do they constitute a European pattern of „metropolitan areas“?“

© BBR Bonn 2003 Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003 Index of metropolitan functions 5 functional areas > Politics, Economy, Science, Transport, Culture 16 group of indicators 38 indicators The 38 normalised indicators are additively combined to 16 groups of indicators, these to an index for each functional area, these again combined to a summary index of metropolitan function

© BBR Bonn 2003 Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003 Requirements for the indicators All 38 indicators meet the following requirements: > Cover the whole European territory (CoE) > Standard definition for all countries > Reliable unofficial statistical data > Exact geocoding of all data (LAU-2 or exact coordinates)

© BBR Bonn 2003 Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003 LAU-2 locations with metropolitan function About LAU-2 units all across Europe form the territorial reference of the analysis On a single indicator base, units have any metropolitan function (= 7 %)

© BBR Bonn 2003 Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003 Concentration of metropolitan functions Out of LAU-2 units > (=7%) have any metropolitan function > The top 480 (MFI > 1) represent 78% of all MF > The top 184 (MFI > 3) represent 63% of all MF On a country base: > Germany = 16% > UK =12% > France = 10% > Italy = 8% > Spain = 6% > These 5 together: 52% … and the Pentagon: ~ 50%

© BBR Bonn 2003 Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003 Concentration of metropolitan functions MFI index points per 1 Mio population: > Luxembourg = 55 > Switzerland =17 > Sweden = 14 > Belgium = 12 > Norway = 12 > Denmark, Austria, Netherlands = 10 (each)

© BBR Bonn 2003 Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003 Regionalisation by density functions Metropolitan regions are constructed through GIS methods using density functions and travel time isochrones Based on 60 minutes travel time by car 125 metropolitan regions can be identified.

© BBR Bonn 2003 Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003 Some characteristics These resulting 125 metropolitan regions > Account for 10% of the total area > Concentrate 50% of Europe‘s population (=350 mio inh.) > And 65% of Europe‘s GDP (=8.500 bn €) > And 80% of all metropolitan functions

© BBR Bonn 2003 Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003 Next steps Analyse NUTS3 – MR overlays Estimate statistical data for MR units Analyse structures and trends of socioeconomic characteristics for metropolitan regions

© BBR Bonn 2003 Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn 2003

Metropolitan regions in Europe, IAU Ile de France Europe, Brussels 22. September 2011 Dr. Karl Peter Schön © BBR Bonn