CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX CO 2 O2O2 O2O2

O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Respiratory System Function: Bring in oxygen to the body and release carbon dioxide from the body Respiration: A chemical reaction that releases energy from glucose and oxygen A waste product of respiration is carbon dioxide

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Respiration exchange and transport of gases carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) leaves cells; oxygen (O 2 ) enters gas exchange occurs across moist membranes covered with blood vessels

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Structure and Function

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Pharynx (throat) nose (nasal cavity) - warms, filters air as it enters body trachea -air passageway covered with cartilage mouth- Allows air to enter and leave, but does not clean

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX bronchi – branches of windpipe that carry air from trachea to lungs lungs – sac-like organs; site of gas exchange between air and blood bronchioles - smaller tubes that branch from bronchi

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Also involved in breathing are… Epiglottis – small flap of tissue that seals off the trachea when you swallow Larynx – top part of trachea (beneath the epiglottis) – where the vocal cords (folds of connective tissue) are stretched across the opening

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX trachea bronchi lungs diaphragm - dome-shaped muscle that moves up & down in the breathing process bronchioles

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Gas Exchange

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX bronchioles alveoli - grape- like clusters surrounded by network of thin- walled capillaries at the end of bronchioles

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX tissuealveoli O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 CO 2 capillary CO 2 O2O2 Gas exchange occurs between the thin walls of the alveoli and the thin walls of the capillaries. CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2

O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX chest wall muscles contract, lifting and pulling ribs outward, diaphragm pulls downward Inhalation

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX reverses the process Exhalation

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Inhalation diaphragm chest wall muscles contract, lifting and pulling ribs outward reverses the process Exhalation

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX What about… Sneezing – clears out the nasal cavity of any foreign particles Yawning – brings more oxygen into the lungs Coughing – air from the lungs expels foreign particles

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Diseases and Disorders of the Respiratory System

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX asthma narrowed airways, caused by allergies which clog airways with mucus and produce muscle spasms Emphysema the alveoli in the lungs are destroyed, limiting the ability to get oxygen and release carbon dioxide Chronic bronchitis inflammation of bronchi, bronchioles caused by long-term exposure to allergens, cigarette smoke, or other irritants

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX 1 nasal cavity trachea 3 larynx bronchioles lung bronchi diaphragm Name the structure. 2 4

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Match the structure with the number. nasal cavity trachealarynxbronchioleslungbronchidiaphragm

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Match the function with the number. dome-shaped muscle that moves up & down in the breathing process smaller tubes that branch from bronchi warms, filters air as it enters body upper part of trachea; contains vocal cords sac-like organs; site of gas exchange between air and blood tubes that carry air from trachea to lungs air passageway covered with epiglottis

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Excretory System Function: Collect wastes produced by cells and remove waste from the body Excretion – the process of removing liquid waste from the body

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Major components of the Excretory system Kidneys – Main organ of the Excretory system Nephrons – millions of tiny filters in the kidneys – they filter the blood

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX What gets filtered from blood?? Water Urea (waste product of cells) Glucose (sugars) Salts Amino acids (proteins) Some vitamins Drugs These waste and excess products are what produce urine. Some water, nutrients and salts are reabsorbed into the blood.

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Excretory System helpers Ureters – tubes that carry urine away from the kidneys Urinary bladder – saclike, muscular organ to store urine Urethra – tube that urine leaves the body

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX When good kidneys go bad… Kidney stones – caused by build up of minerals in the kidney – if a stone breaks loose it can block a ureter (much pain, hospital trip…) Kidney diseases – diabetes and heart disease can damage kidneys When kidneys are damaged, dialysis may be required to remove wastes from blood In dialysis a machine is used to filter a persons blood

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Other organs involved with excretion… Lungs – remove carbon dioxide (waste gas of respiration) and water (vapor) Skin – removes some urea and salts through perspiration (sweat) Liver – produces urea by breaking down proteins, also converts old RBC into bile (think of the liver as the recycling factory)

CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 © 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Systems working together Four systems work together to provide food and oxygen, and to eliminate waste products from the body… DigestiveRespiratory CirculatoryExcretory