24 EOS Measurements ATMOSPHERE sensor Cloud Properties: MODIS, GLAS, AMSR-E, MISR, AIRS, (amount, optical properties, height) ASTER, SAGE III Radiative Energy Fluxes: CERES, ACRIM III, MODIS, AMSR-E, GLAS, (top of atmosphere, surface): MISR, AIRS, ASTER, SAGE III Precipitation: AMSR-E Tropospheric Chemistry: TES, MOPITT, SAGE III, MLS, HIRDLS, LIS (ozone, precursor gases) Stratospheric Chemistry: MLS, HIRDLS, SAGE III, OMI, TES (ozone, ClO, BrO, OH, trace gases) Aerosol Properties: SAGE III, HIRDLS, MODIS, MISR, (stratospheric, tropospheric): OMI, GLAS Atmospheric Temperature: AIRS/AMSU-A, MLS, HIRDLS, TES, MODIS Atmospheric Humidity: AIRS/AMSU-A/HSB, MLS, SAGE III, HIRDLS, Poseidon 2/JMR/DORIS, MODIS, TES Lightning: LIS

24 EOS Measurements 2 OCEAN sensor Surface Temperature: MODIS, AIRS, AMSR-E Phytoplankton & Dissolved Organic Matter: MODIS Surface Wind Fields: SeaWinds, AMSR-E, Poseidon 2/JMR/DORIS Ocean Surface Topography: Poseidon 2/JMR/DORIS (height, waves, sea level) LAND Land Cover & Land Use Change: ETM+, MODIS, ASTER, MISR Vegetation Dynamics: MODIS, MISR, ETM+, ASTER Surface Temperature: ASTER, MODIS, AIRS, AMSR-E, ETM+ Fire Occurrence: MODIS, ASTER, ETM+ (extent, thermal anomalies) Volcanic Effects: MODIS, ASTER, ETM+, MISR (frequency of occurrence, thermal anomalies, impact) Surface Wetness: AMSR-E CRYOSPHERE Land Ice: GLAS, ASTER, ETM+ (ice sheet topography, ice sheet volume change, glacier change) Sea Ice: AMSR-E, Poseidon 2/JMR/DORIS, MODIS, ETM+, ASTER (extent, concentration, motion, temperature) Snow Cover: MODIS, AMSR-E, ASTER, ETM+ (extent, water equivalent)

Global surface (or clouds) temperature April ‘03 AIRS

33kb Global Sea Surface Temperature June 1, ‘03 AMSR-E on AQUA

125kb Aerosol optical depth

Antartica from AQUA

Two tropical cyclones July, ’03 rainfall amounts TRMM

Trimm 39kb Typhoon Etau over Japan, Aug 4, ‘03 TRMM

24kb SeaWiFS Hawaii Islands wake

125kb

Phytoplankton bloom So.Atlantic SeaWifs

44kb These Jason data were taken during a 10-day collection cycle ending July 3, SST - La Nina? MODIS

Primary Contributions to EDRs by Sensor Environmental Data Records (EDRs) with Key Performance Parameters

NPOESS

Ocean Observer A Potential Partnership for An Active Remote Sensing Satellite Presentation to the First Ocean Observer Joint Working Group August 4, 2000 Silver Spring, Maryland John Cunningham, NOAA Program Director, NPOESS Integrated Program Office

A Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine Environmental Satellite Activities Mission Provide a national, operational, polar- orbiting remote-sensing capability Achieve National Performance Review (NPR) savings by converging DoD and NOAA satellite programs Incorporate new technologies from NASA Encourage International Cooperation Saves > $1.8B through System Life Cycle compared to NPR target of $1.3B NPOESS is Good Government! METOP NPOESS

Primary Contributions to EDRs by Sensor Environmental Data Records (EDRs) with Key Performance Parameters

Atmospheric Vertical Temperature Profile Cloud Optical Depth/Transmittance Sea Surface Temperature Atmospheric Vertical Moisture Profile Downward Longwave Radiance (Sfc) Precipitable Water Electric FieldsPrecipitation Type/Rate ImageryEDPs/Ionospheric SpecificationPressure (Surface/Profile) Fresh Water IceRadiation Belt/Low Energy Particles Sea Surface WindsGeomagnetic FieldSea Ice Age and Edge Motion Soil MoistureIce Surface TemperatureSea Surface Height/Topography Aerosol Optical ThicknessIn-situ Ion Drift VelocitySnow Cover/Depth Aerosol Particle SizeIn-situ Plasma DensitySolar EUV Flux Albedo (Surface)In-situ Plasma FluctuationsSolar Irradiance Auroral BoundaryIn-situ Plasma TemperatureSolar/Galactic Cosmic Ray Particles Auroral ImageryInsolationSupra-Thermal - Auroral Particles Cloud Base Height Ionospheric ScintillationSurface Wind Stress Cloud Cover/LayersLand Surface TemperatureSuspended Matter Cloud Effective Particle SizeLittoral Sediment TransportTotal Auroral Energy Deposition Cloud Ice Water PathNet Heat FluxTotal Longwave Radiance (TOA) Cloud Liquid WaterNet Short Wave Radiance (TOA)Total Water Content NDPs/Neutral Atm SpecificationTurbidity Cloud Top Height Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Upper Atmospheric Airglow Cloud Top PressureOcean Color/ChlorophyllVegetation Index/Surface Type Cloud Top TemperatureOcean Wave Characteristics Currents (Ocean)Ozone - Total Column/Profile TSISALT Environmental Data Records Environmental Data Records (EDRs) with Key Performance Parameters OceanicTerrestrialSpaceAtmosphericClimate

* Critical payload - Failure constitutes need to replace satellite Notional Payloads to Satisfy NPOESS Requirements IPO Developed Visible/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)*XXX (AVHRR)X Cross-track IR Sounder (CrIS)*X X (IASI/HIRS)X Conical MW Imager/Sounder (CMIS)*XX Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)XX (GOME) GPS Occultation Sensor (GPSOS)XXX (GRAS) Space Environmental Sensor Suite (SESS)XXX (SEM) Leveraged Advanced Technology MW Sounder (ATMS)*XX (AMSU/MHS)X Data Collection System (DCS)XXX Search and Rescue (SARSAT)XX Earth Radiation Budget Sensor X Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS)X Radar altimeter (ALT)X Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT)X NPOESS Payloads METOP NPP 1030

IPO Sensor/Algorithm Risk Reduction Contracts CMIS Conical Microwave Imager Sounder Ball Aerospace Hughes Space & Communications VIIRS Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite ITT Aerospace Raytheon, SBRS Collects visible/infrared imagery and radiometric data to produce a variety of imagery, meteorological, and oceanographical products. Product types include clouds, atmospheric, Earth radiation budget, clear-air land/water surfaces (including ocean color products), and low light visible imagery. Primary contributions for satisfying 26 EDRs. CrIS Cross Track Infrared Sounder ITT Aerospace Provides cross-track measurements of scene radiance to permit the calculation of the vertical distribution of temperature, moisture, and pressure in the Earth’s atmosphere. Primary contributions for satisfying 3 EDRs. Collects microwave radiometry and sounding data to develop a variety of meteorological and oceanographical products. Product types include clouds, atmospheric profiles, and all- weather land/water surfaces. Primary contributions for satisfying 20 EDRs. OMPS Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Ball Aerospace Collect specialized data to permit the calculation of the vertical and horizontal distribution of Ozone in the earth’s atmosphere. Primary contributions for satisfying 1 EDR. GPSOS GPS Occultation Sensor Saab Ericsson Measures the refraction of radiowave signals vis occultations with GPS and Russia’s GLONASS satellites to determine state of Ionosphere. Primary contributions for satisfying 2 EDRs.

IPO Sensor/Algorithm Risk Reduction Contract Status SRR System Requireme nts Review SFR System Functional Review PDR Preliminary Design Review CFI Call For Improvement CDR Critical Design Review First Unit Delivery 3/9812/984/995/99 CrIS Cross-track IR Sounder 7/014/04 11/978/981/992/99 OMPS Ozone Mapping & Profiler Suite 4/037/05 11/976/9811/983/03 GPSOS GPS Occultation Sensor 1/037/05 1/9910/995/006/00 VIIRS Visible/IR Imager Radiometer Suite 8/01 7/04 11/988/992/013/01 CMIS Conical Microwave Imager Sounder 9/029/05

Joint IPO/DoD/NASA Risk Reduction Demo WindSat/Coriolis Description: Measures Ocean Surface Wind Speed, Wind Direction, Using Polarimetric Radiometer on a Modified Satellite Bus, Launched Into a 830 km 98.7° Orbit by the Titan II Launch Vehicle. 3 Year Design Lifetime. Capability/Improvements Measure Ocean Surface Wind Direction (Non- Precipitating Conditions)Measure Ocean Surface Wind Direction (Non- Precipitating Conditions) 25km spatial resolution25km spatial resolution Secondary MeasurementsSecondary Measurements Sea Surface Temperature, Soil Moisture, Rain Rate, Ice, and Snow Characteristics, Water VaporSea Surface Temperature, Soil Moisture, Rain Rate, Ice, and Snow Characteristics, Water Vapor

NPP Preliminary Mission Concept Payloads: Cross-track IR Sounder (CrIS), Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS), Visible IR Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Orbit: 833 km, Polar Sun-Synchronous, 1030 a.m. Descending Node Launch Readiness Date: 2005 Mission Life: 5 years Stored Mission Data Transmission to Polar Ground Stations (Ka- or X-band) Direct Broadcast of Real-time Data (X-band) Primary Command and Control: S-band Space-Ground –Back-up: S-band through TDRSS and AF Satellite Control Network

Evolution Yesterday 4-Orbit System –2 US Military –2 US Civilian Today (2003) 4-Orbit System –2 US Military –1 US Civilian –1 EUMETSAT/ME TOP Future (2012) 3-Orbit System –2 US Converged –1 EUMETSAT/M ETOP –1 US “light” U.S. civil and defense programs, working in partnership with EUMETSAT, will ensure improved global coverage and long-term continuity of observations at less cost! Local Equatorial Crossing Time METOP DMSP POES DMSP POES Local Equatorial Crossing Time METOP NPOESS

Polar-orbiting Satellites Complement Geostationary Satellites Complement Geostationary Satellites Provide Global Coverage, Particularly at High Latitudes Provide Global Coverage, Particularly at High Latitudes Acquire Higher Spatial Resolution Data Acquire Higher Spatial Resolution Data Operational System Environmental System A Total Environmental Monitoring System Transitions between operational, short-term weather forecasting and long-term global change missions Real-time environmental data 24 hours a day, 7 days a week Supports both civilian and military missions Continuity with existing systems/planned systems Commitment to support long-term data continuity for environmental monitoring and Global Change assessment

What is Ocean Observer? Operational data for Navy and NOAA Science data for NASA and NOAA R&D sensor proof of concept for NASA Operational transition for NASA and NOAA Team approach to solving mutual problems at reduced agency cost for OMB Oceans mainly