Also: Shijie Objective: reconstruct the mantle from 450Ma to the present-day using a numerical model of mantle convection that includes plate motion history,

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Presentation transcript:

also: Shijie Objective: reconstruct the mantle from 450Ma to the present-day using a numerical model of mantle convection that includes plate motion history, with a focus on heat flow at the surface and the core-mantle boundary

Conservation Equations Dimensionless Parameters

Boundary Conditions Surface: Isothermal, prescribed plate velocity history Core-mantle boundary (CMB): Isothermal, free-slip Initial Conditions 1D thermal profile derived from free convection pre-calculation 250 km thick chemically dense layer above the CMB Numerical Method CitcomS spherical mantle convection community code 12x48 3 or 12x64 3 finite elements Ra adjusted to give rms free convective velocity = rms plate velocity ~ 6 cm/yr

Plate Motion History free convection stage with stress free surface ~ 200 Myr (for thermal equilibration) Ma: Laurasia, Gondwana + 4 PaleoPacific plates (stage) Ma: Laurasia, Gondwana + 4 PaleoPacific plates (stage) Ma: Pangea PaleoPacific plates (stage) Ma: Pangea + 4 PaleoPacific plates (stage) Ma: Pangea, NeoTethys + 4 PaleoPacific plates (stage) Ma: North Am, South Am, Eurasia, Africa-India, Antarctica-Australia + 4 PaleoPacific plates (stage) 119 Ma – present-day: multi-stage evolution Plate data: Ma: Scotese (2001) Ma: Lithgow-Bertelloni & Richards (1998)

Model Inputs Model Outputs Mantle state: temperature, pressure, stress, strain-rate, viscosity, composition… Crustal state: surface heat flow, topography (dynamic + static), crustal age (via tracers) CMB heat flow, topography Mantle tracers (passive and active)

Data Model Surface Heat Flow Crustal Age

Model Cases

Surface & Core-Mantle Boundary Heat Flow

Surface Heat Flow and Crustal Age Patterns by Epoch

CMB heat flux lower mantle temperature Heat flux histories