Carbohydrates By the end of the lesson you should be able to: 1.Understand the difference between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides 2.Draw.

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Presentation transcript:

Carbohydrates By the end of the lesson you should be able to: 1.Understand the difference between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides 2.Draw the structure of glucose 3.Explain how carbohydrates are digested.

Monosaccharide (single sugar Disaccharide (double sugar) Polysaccharide (many sugars joined together)

Monosaccharides – Single Sugars Glucose Fructose Galactose

α glucose

Use the molymods to make the monosaccharide glucose

α glucose

α glucose – a simplified version

What you need to learn for your exam:

Disaccharides Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose Glucose + Galactose = Lactose Glucose + Glucose = Maltose

Monomer (single sugars) Polymer (starch, glycogen or cellulose) Hydrolysis reaction (digestion) Condensation reaction (assimilation) Chemical bond

Making a maltose molecule One molecule of water removed α glucose

Making a maltose molecule α glucose

Making a maltose molecule New chemical bond formed GLYCOSIDIC BOND

How would you break down maltose to glucose?

Many α glucose molecules can go through condensation reactions to make starch α glucose Glycosidic bond Hydrogen bond

Many α glucose molecules can go through condensation reactions to make starch

Use the molymods to make maltose from your glucose models …and then starch

Where are carbohydrates digested?

ENZYMES Salivary Amylase - Mouth Pancreatic Amylase - Duodenum ENZYMES Maltase in the epithelium of the small intestine

Monosaccharides are the basic molecular units (monomers) of which carbohydrates are composed. The structure of α-glucose as The linking of α-glucose by glycosidic bonds formed by condensation to form maltose and starch. Sucrose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of glucose and fructose. Lactose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of glucose and galactose. Starch is a polysaccharide, and the role of salivary and pancreatic amylases and of maltase located in the intestinal epithelium Specification says…

Monosaccharide PancreasSucroseGalactose GlycosidicHydrolysisLactoseMaltase AssimilationMaltoseDisaccharideChips FructoseSmall intestine Condensation Polysaccharide DigestionGlucoseMouthAmylase