1 August 26, 2009 LTG Mikio Shibata Commanding General, Central Readiness Force Japan Ground Self-Defense Force Future Direction for International Cooperation in Disaster Relief Operations

2 IInternational Initiatives for International Emergency Relief Operations IIJapanese Efforts for International Emergency Relief Operations IIIActivities and Lessons of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force IVFuture Direction Agenda

3 I International Initiatives for International Emergency Relief Operations

4 International Initiatives for Disaster Relief Operations United Nations OCHA Central Registration System Asia-Pacific Region ARF ◆ Strategic Direction for HA/DR ASEAN ◆ Stand-by Arrangement Europe NATO ◆ Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Centre ◆ Civil Emergency Planning Rapid Reaction Team

5 II Japanese Efforts for International Emergency Relief Operations

6 Japanese Efforts for International Peacekeeping Operations Revision of the Self-Defense Forces Act (Stipulated as a primary mission) January 2007 Current National Defense Program Guideline “Active participation in international peace cooperation activities at our own initiative” Establishment of the Central Readiness Force March 2007

7 Primary missions Supplementary missions Maintaining public security Cooperation for sporting events Cooperation for South Pole observation, etc. National defense Supplementary missions First priority mission Second priority mission Primary missions Maintaining public security International peace cooperation activities, etc. National defense Stipulation of International Peace Cooperation Activities as a Primary Mission PastPresent Cooperation for sporting events Cooperation for South Pole observation, etc. International peace cooperation activities, etc.

8 Establishment of the Central Readiness Force COS, Ground Staff Office Minister of Defense ⊂ COS, Joint Staff Office Other Units andOrganizations 1st Airborne Brigade 1st Helicopter Brigade Special Forces Group Central Nuclear Biological Chemical (NBC) Weapon Defense Unit NBC Countermeasure Medical Unit In March 2007, Central Readiness Force was newly organized as a unit equivalent to the regional armies Characteristic: International operations are stipulated as the mission International Peace Cooperation Activities Training Unit Central Readiness Force Regiment Northern Army Northeastern Army Eastern Army Middle Army Western Army Central Readiness Force

9 Missions of the Central Readiness Force Utilize forces: Commands forces provided by the regional armies Provide forces: Provides units to regional armies Overseas Missions Domestic Missions

10 Approximately 300 personnel Headquarters and headquarters unit Aircraft support unit Water support unit Logistics support unit Medical personnel x 12* CH-47 x 3 UH-1 x 3* Water purifier x 2* Medical support unit Overview of International Emergency Relief Operation Structure of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (1) Readiness Criteria From the issuance of dispatch preparation order, troops shall depart, to the extent possible, within: 48 hours – Advance troops 5 days – Main troops Note:The organization shown here is a standard structure. *Maximum number Ground Self-Defense Force, Japan Disaster Relief Team

11 Overview of International Emergency Relief Operation Structure of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (2) Standby Forces Rotating shift between regional armies for every 6 months Joint Staff Office ×××× Ground Staff Office NA NEA MAWAEA Minister of Defense ××× CRF Standby of CH-47

12 III Activities and Lessons of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force

13 Participation of Japan Ground Self-Defense Force in International Emergency Relief Operations 13 Disaster occurrence: May 27 Survey: Departure on May 30 (3 days later) Advance: Departure on June 1 (5 days later) Main: Departure on June 4 Medical Team (Honduras) 1998 Medical and Aircraft Support Team (Sumatra) 2005 Aircraft Team (Java) 2006 Disaster occurrence: December 26 Survey: Departure on January 4 (9 days later) Advance: Departure on January 12 (17 days later) Main: Departure on January 21 Terms Survey: Survey team Advance: Advance troops Main: Main troops Supplies Provision Team (India) 2001 Disaster occurrence: October 8 Advance: Departure on October 13 (5 days later) Main: Departure on October 14 Aircraft Team (Pakistan) 2005 Disaster occurrence: January 26 Survey: Departure on February 1 (6 days later) Main: Departure on February 5 (10 days later) Disaster occurrence: October 27 Survey Departure on November 9 (13 days later) Advance: Departure on November 13 (17 days later) Main: Departure on November 14

14  The need for support is greatest at the early stage of disasters → Keeping forces on call in every country enhances readiness Lessons from International Emergency Relief Operations  Armies as well as civil organizations operate concurrently in disaster-affected areas → Coordination between armies and civil organizations improves the relief capability Importance of Readiness Importance of Cooperation with Foreign Armies and Civil Organizations

15 IV Future Direction

16 Basic Concept of Future Directions Permanent forces No forces Full-scale standing force Standing force type Current status Weak control Strong control Registration Permanent headquarters Force registration type

17 Example of Force Registration Registration by country and in rotating shifts for maintaining readiness Registration term (By Groups) Year XYear X+1Year X+2 First halfSecond halfFirst halfSecond halfFirst half Information gathering HRF LSF RSF Helicopter Country A Helicopter Water MedicalAircraft 1 st Gp Country B Country A Water MedicalAircraft 2 nd Gp Country B Water MedicalAircraft 3 rd Gp Country B Water MedicalAircraft 4 th Gp Country B Water MedicalAircraft 5 th Gp Country B InfantryMedicalAircraft Country A InfantryMedicalAircraft Country C InfantryMedicalAircraft Country A InfantryMedicalAircraft Country C InfantryMedical Aircraft Country A MedicalWater Country C MedicalWater Country D MedicalWater Country C MedicalWater Country C MedicalAircraft Country F Medical Country E MedicalAircraft Country F Medical Country E Medical Aircraft Country F MedicalAircraft Country F InfantryEngineer Country G Aircraft MedicalWater Country D Infantry Country F Infantry Engineer Country H Aircraft Country E InfantryEngineer Country G Infantry Country F Infantry Engineer Country H InfantryEngineer Country G Infantry Country F Infantry Engineer Country H Infantry Engineer Country G Aircraft Country E Engineer Country E InfantryEngineer Country G Infantry Country F Infantry Engineer Country H Life-saving Life support Disaster rehabilitation

18 Concept of the International Coordination Body Multinational Coordination Body Government of disaster-affected country Country ACountry BCountry CCountry D Country ECountry FCountry G Main Functions  Maintenance and update of registration database  Development of information sharing network, etc.

19 Conclusion IssueDirection of Solutions Enhancement of Readiness Establishment of force registration system (Actual dispatch will be at the discretion of each country) Cooperation with Foreign Armies and Civil Organizations Establishment of multinational coordination body (Support for information sharing and coordination of disaster operation)  Ground troops are able to cope with catastrophic disasters in a most effective manner  International relief operation, which saves a larger number of lives by maintaining preparedness even in ordinary times, is one of the new important missions of ground troops