Chapter 18 Classification 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 18 Classification 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity

Why Classify? Organisms need a name Need to be put into groups that have biological meaning Taxonomy - discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted name

Assigning Scientific Names Many organisms have more than one common name Scientists needed a way to communicate what organism they were talking about Early attempts at classifying were very confusing

Some scientists used phonetic spellings Others used names that were overly descriptive Long names made it hard to classify Agreed on using Latin and Greek for names

Binomial nomenclature System where each organism is given a two- part scientific name Developed by Carolus Linnaeus, a Swedish botanist Each organism has a genus name and a species name

Genus - name of group of closely related species Species - name that is usually a Latinized description of a characteristic Scientific names need to be written in italics or underlined Genus name is always capitalized, species is always lowercase

Examples Red maple –Acer ruburm or Acer rubrum Polar bear –Ursus maritimus or Ursus maritimus

Linnaeus’s System Contains seven levels Arranges organisms in groups based on similarities Each classification level is called a taxon

Levels from largest to smallest Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Mnemonic for Levels King Phil came over for green socks

Human classification Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class - Mammalia Order - Primates Family - Hominidae Genus - Homo (Homo) Species - sapiens (sapiens)