Chapter 1 The Cell

A. Living things are different than nonliving things: a form of life that is capable of growing and reproducing B. Characteristics of life: -all living things have these characteristics 1) must be organized 2) can grow and develop 3) respond to its environment 4) be able to reproduce organism –

C. Needs of life: All organisms need basic things 1) a steady supply of energy 2) raw materials like carbon dioxide, oxygen nitrogen and water 3) a space to live and grow

D.All living things are made of cells: cell – unicellular organism – example: the smallest unit of a living thing an organism made of a single cell -most are too small to see indirectly bacteria and organisms found in a drop of pond water

D.All living things are made of cells (continued): multicellular organisms – - more complex -different body parts -made of different types of cells -different parts and cells work together to support life organisms made of many cells

D.All living things are made of cells (continued): example: frog, bird, lily pad, grass, etc.

E. The microscope led to the discovery of cells: microscope – Robert Hooke (1660’s) – Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1670’s) – an instrument that makes an object appear bigger than it is gave the cell its name while looking at bark from an oak tree one of the first people to observe and then describe living cells

F. Cells come from other cells (cells divide) cell theory 1) every organism is made of one or more cells 2) cells carry out the functions needed to support life 3) cells come only from other cells*

G. Cell theory is important to the study of biology: scientific theory –is a widely accepted explanation of things observed in nature A theory must – 1) be supported by evidence 2) be accepted by scientific community 3) explain discoveries and/or observations in nature

H. Louis Pasteur and Spontaneous Generation: Louis Pasteur – French scientist (1800’s) Father of “Germ Theory” -proved that microscopic organisms were responsible for food spoilage and diseases -observed sour liquids (milk, beer, wine) and discovered it was caused by micro- organisms called bacteria -developed pasteurization, a process that uses heat to kill bacteria and keep liquids (milk, beer, wine) fresher for longer

H. Louis Pasteur and Spontaneous Generation: spontaneous generation – -a belief that “life could spring from nonliving matter” -Pasteur disproved this theory with an experiment with broth