Political Geography Exam You guys killed the multiple choice! Class average 84%

#6—41% (AP) Which of the following correctly lists the usual hierarchy of political-administrative units in order from the largest to the smallest? a)Empire, county, province, nation-state b)Province, empire, nation-state, county c)Empire, nation-state, province, county d)County, nation-state, province, empire e)Empire, nation-state, county, province

#22-41% (Flowers) A political leader might seek to make his or her country conform to the traditional concept of a nation-state by a)Demanding representation in the United Nations. b)Openly encouraging civil disobedience. c)Instituting a bicameral system of legislature. d)Using the popular media to promote the idea of a national culture. e)Advocating a policy of multiculturalism.

FRQ Grading

AP Human Geography: Grab the warm up article on your way in, but don’t write on it! Answer questions in your warm up section.

Economic Development & the World Economy Unit 7: Economic Geography Lesson 1

Main Idea of this Unit What parts of the world perform different economic tasks in the modern global economy, and why? Today, we’re just going to cover some basic vocabulary.

Economic Development Process through which a country improves its economy – Can involve diffusion of new technology

How can I tell how developed a state is? Look at economic and demographic indicators: Economic indicators: – GDP per capita – % of people working in different types of jobs Social/demographic indicators include: – Infant mortality rate – Level of education – Life expectancy – Literacy rates

GDP (gross domestic product) Value of total amount of goods and services produced in a country in a year – good - Physical product created for people – service - Work or labor created for people

per capita GDP / per capita income The average income of the people in a country GDP divided by population A better measure of a country’s standard of living than GDP (think about how GDP is misleading for China)

Annual GDP per capita, 2005 Fig. 9-2: Annual gross domestic product (GDP) per capita averages over $20,000 in most developed countries but under $5000 in most less developed countries.

Human Development Index Another way to analyze a country’s level of development. Combination of life expectancy, education, and income Every country is given a score from 0 to 1 The closer to 1, the richer the country

Human Development Index

Review! Based on old country quizzes, you know what region of the world Uruguay is, so…what stage do you think it’s in? Based on old country quizzes, you know what region Denmark is in, so…what stage is Denmark in?

Levels of Production in Countries 5 Levels: Most countries have all of these levels, but in differing amounts Different levels of society are involved in different types of production

Primary Production Involve taking natural resources out of the ground Examples: Oil extraction, agriculture fisheries, forestry Most basic level of production

Secondary Production Taking natural resources and turning them into finished products. Become more common as a society industrializes Examples: Clothes manufacturing, turning oil into gasoline, making plastics

Tertiary Production Actually selling goods Examples: Salesmen, shipping industries, education

Quartiary Industry Business services Become more common as an economy advances Examples: Bankers, advertising, insurance Tend to be high paying jobs

Quinary Sector/Production Highest paid, intellectual industries Also include luxury goods like tourism and recreation Most common in highly developed states (countries) Examples: Research, health care, government jobs

% of Workers in each Sector MDCs vs. LDCs

Review Questions For each of the following, tell me which level of primary-quinary industries is represented.

I work for an investment banking company on Wall Street in New York City.

I have a company that develops technology for NASA in Houston.

I have a company that picks bananas in Colombia.

I have a company that is trying to cure cancer in the Medical Center in Houston.

I have a company that makes posters for new movies in Los Angeles.

I have a company that makes parts of iPhones in China.

I have a company that refines and makes gasoline from oil in Saudi Arabia.

This is a measure of a country’s development. It includes per capita GDP, level of education, and life expectancy.

World Systems Theory (Wallerstein, Core-periphery model) Core Production that involve higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology * Generate more wealth in the world economy Semi-periphery Places where core and periphery processes are both occurring. Places that are exploited by the core but then exploit the periphery. Periphery Production that involve lower levels of education, lower salaries, and less technology * Generate less wealth in the world economy Since colonialism, relations between countries have been about countries exploiting less powerful countries. Periphery countries will always be exploited by core countries.

Spatial Organization of the World Economy

Core periphery on different scales

Long-term Trends in Per Capita GDP

Millenium Development Goals Eight goals established by the United Nations to reduce the gap in development between core and peripheral countries.

UN Sustainable Development Goals

On the blank map… Circle and label the 7 continents. Put a star next to the ONLY continent that is also a country.

Circle and label a part of the world that would be on the economic periphery.

Circle and label a part of the world that would be on the economic core.

Circle the part of the world that has membership in the European Union.

Circle and label India and China.

These are goals developed to help periphery countries improve their HDI.

These are countries that create the most wealth in the global economy.

This theory claims that the world can be explained by rich countries exploiting poor countries.

These are countries that are usually exploited by developed countries, but also exploit developing countries themselves.