An Instructor’s Options Frank T. Stritter, Ph.D. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Goals Describe various options Describe instructor’s role Choose formats creatively

Instructional Strategies  Formats  Media

Large Group  Lecture z Lecture / Discussion

The Lecturer Orients Directs Explains Compares Narrates Uses audiovisuals Varies activities Is lively Closes

Small Group  Seminar  Learner- centered

The Leader  Sets task  Informs  Challenges  Releases tension  Elicits  Supports

è Tutorial

The Tutor sInstructs learner how to prepare sPresents content via materials sMeets with learner sQuestions learner sClassifies response and provides feedback sDetermines next question sEnds meeting

ò Individual

The Instructor  Negotiates outcomes z Agrees upon tasks z Develops bench marks z Allows reasonable flexibility z Evaluates comprehension z Provides feedback when necessary

Experiential  Internship Û Learner project Û Assistant

The Supervisor 9Diagnoses learner’s need 9Negotiates responsibilities/expectations 9Performs, observes, assigns 9Debriefs 9Provides feedback 9Ensures time to reflect 9Summarizes and closes

Type of ParticipationPeople Remember Hearing, Saying, Seeing, and Doing Visual Verbal 90% of what they do 70% of what they say or write 50% of what they hear and see 30% of what they see 20% of what they hear or read Practice by Doing the Real Thing Simulate an Experience Prepare and Deliver a Presentation Participate in a Discussion Group Watch a Demonstration View a Multimedia Presentation Watch Video View a Still Picture Hear Presentation Read Learning Pyramid

In Summary:  Large Group  Small Group  Tutorial  Individualized  Experiential 

In Conclusion:  No one best strategy  More than one format  Each learner has specific needs  Adapt to what learner needs  Each instructor has strengths  Each instructor should be assigned based on strengths